TMPyP [5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)-porphyrin tetra p-toluenesulfonate] was obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Its purity is specified to be 97%. 6,8 μg TMPyP were diluted in 5 mL Millipore water obtaining a stock concentration of 1 mM. Different concentrations of TMPyP were established by dilution with Millipore water. The TMPyP solutions were stored at 4°C in the dark.
Tmpyp
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
TMPyP is a laboratory product manufactured by Merck Group. It is a photosensitizer compound primarily used in photodynamic therapy research. The product's core function is to generate reactive oxygen species when exposed to light, which can be utilized in various experimental settings.
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Lab products found in correlation
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Kh2po4, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ethanolamine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
K2hpo4, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
N 3 dimethylaminopropyl n ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
N hydroxysuccinimide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Simplicity 185, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Aβ1 42, by Bachem (1 mentions)
Hoechst 33342, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Mntbap, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (1 mentions)
Pegda, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Adenine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Uracil, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Guanine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Fecl3, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Chlorhexidine digluconate chx solution, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
R5509 42, by Hamamatsu Photonics (1 mentions)
Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (mtt), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Imidazole, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
11 protocols using tmpyp
1
Preparation of TMPyP Stock Solutions
2
Amyloid-beta Oligomers and Fibril Detection
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MUA, ethanolamine (EA), K2HPO4, KH2PO4, NaOH, N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide
hydrochloride (EDC), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS),
and TMPyP were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Aβ(1–42)
was obtained from Bachem (Torrance, CA). Monoclonal antibodies against
oligomers and fibrils of Aβ (A11 and OC, respectively) were
obtained from Millipore Inc. (Dedham, MA). All of the reagents were
of analytical grade and used without further purification. Unless
otherwise stated, all of the stock solutions were prepared daily with
deionized water treated with a water purification system (Simplicity185;
Millipore Corp., Billerica, MA).
hydrochloride (EDC), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS),
and TMPyP were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Aβ(1–42)
was obtained from Bachem (Torrance, CA). Monoclonal antibodies against
oligomers and fibrils of Aβ (A11 and OC, respectively) were
obtained from Millipore Inc. (Dedham, MA). All of the reagents were
of analytical grade and used without further purification. Unless
otherwise stated, all of the stock solutions were prepared daily with
deionized water treated with a water purification system (Simplicity185;
Millipore Corp., Billerica, MA).
3
Preparation of Oxidative Stress Reagents
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20E was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and dissolved in 10% isopropanol to make a 1-mg/ml stock solution. MnTBAP, a known SOD mimic, was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnologies, Inc, and dissolved in 0.1 M NaOH to make a 21.35-mg/ml stock solution. TMPyP was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and dissolved in water to make a 62-mg/ml stock solution. DHE and Hoechst 33342 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and dissolved in DMSO or water, respectively, to make 10 mM stock solutions.
4
Photoresponsive Polymeric Hydrogels
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Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate with an average molecular weight of 700 g·mol−1 (PEGDA), phosphate buffered saline solution (PBS; pH = 7.4) and the tetrapyrrole dye (5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridinio)porphyrin tetra(p-toluenesulfonate); TMPyP), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint-Louis, MO, USA). The water-soluble photoinitiator 1-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-phenyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-propane-1-one (α-HAP) was bought from BASF (Ludwigshafen, Germany). The molecules used are represented in Figure 1 . All of the chemicals were used as received.
5
Cyclodextrin-Porphyrin Nanoassemblies
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CAPTISOL®, with the the trade name of sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin sodium salt (SBE-βCD), corresponding to an average degree of sulfobutyl substitutions of 6.5, average MW = 2163 g/mol, was supplied by CyDex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (San Diego, CA, USA). Substituents’ distribution on secondary (protons 2 and 3) and primary (protons 6) positions was generally ~85% and ~15%, respectively (NMR data and CyDex Personal Communication). The molecule 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphine tetrakis(p-toluenesulfonate) (TMPyP) (MW 1363.6) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Preparation of the nanoassemblies and spectroscopic characterizations were carried out by using dispersions in ultrapure water (S.A.L.F., Cenate Sotto, Bergamo, Italy).
6
Preparation of Biological Compound Solutions
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4-aminothiophenol (PATP) (New Star Chemical) and 2-aminothiophenol (2-AMP) (Sigma-Aldrich, Ireland) solutions were prepared in methanol to a concentration of 10–4 M. These solutions where then diluted with deionized water to a final concentration of 10–5 or 10–6 M. Thymine cytosine, uracil, adenine, and guanine (all nucleotides sourced from Sigma-Aldrich) solutions were prepared in deionized water to a final concentration range of 10–5 M. Similarly, with glucose, TMPyP (5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridinio)porphyrin tetra(p-toluenesulfonate), BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin), Lys-egg and Lys-human (Albumin from chicken egg white and humans, respectively) all sourced from Sigma-Aldrich Ireland.
7
Spectrophotometric Quantification of TMPyP
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Hydrophilic TMPyP from Sigma-Aldrich was diluted in PBS to a concentration of 10-6 M, which was spectrophotometrically measured taking into account the molar extinction coefficient (ɛ424 nm=194.000 M−1 cm−1).
8
Triple Distilled Water Assay
9
Photosensitizer Characterization and Irradiation
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MB [ (7-(dimethylamino) phenothiazin-3-ylidene)-dimethylazanium; chloride] and TMPyP (5,10,15,20- tetrakis(1methylpyridinium-4-yl)-porphyrin tetrap-toluenesulfonate) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Two-fold dilutions from 0 to 31.25 µM were prepared from a 1 mM stock solution with demineralized ultrapure water (H 2 O) (Milli Q Biocel, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) for both PS. PS-solutions were stored at 4 °C for no longer than 2 weeks. Chlorhexidine digluconate solution (CHX) was obtained from Sigma Aldrich in a concentration of 20% and was further dissolved in H 2 O. For irradiation of MB, the light source PDT 1200L (Herbert Waldmann GmbH & Co. KG, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany) exhibiting an irradiance of 20 mW/cm 2 was used. TMPyP was irradiated with the light source UV 236 (Herbert Waldmann GmbH & Co. KG) obtaining an output of 18 mW/cm 2 . Both PS were irradiated for 10 min, resulting in light doses of 12 J/cm 2 for MB and 10.8 J/cm 2 for TMPyP.
10
Singlet Oxygen Quantum Yield Determination
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In order to produce singlet oxygen, the respective PS were filled in a quartz cuvette and excited with the tunable laser system. Direct detection of singlet oxygen was performed by time-resolved measurements of the singlet oxygen luminescence at 1270 nm (10 nm FWHM filter) in near-backward direction with respect to the excitation beam using an infrared-sensitive photomultiplier (R5509-42, Hamamatsu Photonics Deutschland GmbH, Herrsching, Germany). 37 Quantum yield of singlet oxygen formation (Φ Δ ) Φ Δ of the novel symmetrically substituted derivatives of MB 1 were determined by the direct detection method and compared to the Φ Δ of TMPyP. The Φ Δ of TMPyP in H 2 O is known to be 0.77 ± 0.04 from literature and own control measurements. 38 A concentration of 2.5 µM of each of the newly synthesized derivatives was used and irradiated at λ = 600 nm. Since the irradiation wavelength was 600 nm, a concentration of 10 µM for TMPyP was chosen for a sufficient absorption at this wavelength. The samples were air-saturated at 25 °C and illuminated at different powers ranging from 9 to 80 mW. The detected singlet oxygen photons were summed up and plotted against the absorbed energy.
TMPyP as standard was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Germany) and was used without further purification.
TMPyP as standard was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Germany) and was used without further purification.
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