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Hrp conjugated β actin

Manufactured by Santa Cruz Biotechnology
Sourced in United States

HRP-conjugated β-actin is a laboratory reagent that consists of the protein β-actin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRP). β-actin is a common structural protein found in eukaryotic cells, and the HRP conjugation allows for the detection and quantification of β-actin in biological samples using various immunoassay techniques.

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27 protocols using hrp conjugated β actin

1

Western Blot Analysis of Proteins

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Cell lysates were processed and run in SDS/PAGE gels as described previously (Wang et al., 2014, 2016). Antibodies used to detect α‐tubulin, NANOG/NANOGP8 (sc‐134218), and HRP‐conjugated β‐actin were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA). All other antibodies were from Cell Signaling (Beverly, MA, USA). Sizes of bands were estimated based on protein standards (Bio‐Rad, Hercules, CA, USA) on the membrane.
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2

Silibinin Regulates Hedgehog Signaling

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ASZ001 cells were received as a generous gift from Dr. Ervin Epstein (Children’s Hospital & Research Center Oakland) and cultured in M154F (Gibco, USA) media supplemented with 2% chelexed heat-inactivated FBS, 1% penicillin - streptomycin, and 0.05 M calcium chloride. Silibinin, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and trypan blue dye were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Sant-1 was obtained from Tocris Biosciences (Bristol, UK); GDC-0449 was purchased from LC laboratories (Woburn, MA). The antibodies for phosphorylated-EGFR (Tyrosine-1173), EGFR, phosphorylated-Akt (Serine-473), phosphorylated-ERK1/2 (Threonine 202/Tyrosine 204), ERK1/2, cyclin D1 and HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling technology (Beverly, CA). Antibodies for Gli-1, SMO and SUFU were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). HRP-conjugated β-actin was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (CA, USA).
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3

Western Blot Analysis of Apoptosis Markers

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Gel electrophoresis and transfer was performed as described previously 18 (link). Using a Chemidoc XRS+ system (1708265; BIO-RAD; Hercules, CA, USA), proteins were detected with SuperSignal™ West Femto chemiluminescent solution (34095; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Primary antibodies used in this study included the cleaved caspase 9 antibody (52873; 1:500 dilution; Cell signaling technology, Danvers, MA, USA), the cleaved caspase 3 antibody (9664; 1:500 dilution; Cell signaling technology), p16INK4A antibody (sc-1661; 1:500 dilution; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA), p21Cip1 antibody (sc-6246; 1:500 dilution; Santa Cruz), phospo-ERK antibody (9101s; 1:500 dilution; Cell signaling technology, Danvers, MA, USA) and HRP-conjugated β-actin (sc47778; 1:1000 dilution; Santa Cruz). Secondary antibodies included HRP-conjugated anti-mouse antibody (sc-516102; 1:1000 dilution; Santa Cruz) and HRP-conjugated anti-rabbit antibody (sc-2357; 1:1000dilution; Santa Cruz).
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4

Western Blotting for p53 and Lgr5

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Western blotting was performed with antibodies against p53 (FL‐393) and Lgr5 (Anti‐GPCR GPR49 antibody) purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology and Abcam, respectively. HRP‐conjugated β‐actin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) was used as an internal control. Quantitative analysis was performed using the Image‐J.
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5

Western Blot Analysis of Protein Samples

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Cell lysates were processed and run in SDS-PAGE gels as described previously (Wang et al., 2014 (link); Wang et al., 2016 (link)). Antibodies used to detect α-tubulin, NANOG/NANOGP8 (sc-134218), and HRP conjugated β-actin were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA). All other antibodies were from Cell Signaling (Beverly, MA). Sizes of bands were estimated based on protein standards (Bio Rad, Hercules, CA) on the membrane.
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6

Evaluation of Protein Expression Levels

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Western blot analysis was performed as described previously 18 (link). Primary antibodies used in this study p21Cip1 antibody (sc-6246; 1:500 dilution; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA), phospho-retinoblastoma (Rb) antibody (sc-271930; 1:500 dilution; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), phospo-ERK antibody (9101s; 1:500 dilution; Cell signaling technology, Danvers, MA, USA), p-MEK antibody (9121; 1:500 dilution; Cell signaling technology), Cleaved-Caspase 8 (9746s; 1:500 dilution; Cell signaling technology), Cleaved-Caspase 9 (9502S; 1:500 dilution; Cell signaling technology) and HRP-conjugated β-actin (sc47778; 1:1000 dilution; Santa Cruz Biotechnology). Secondary antibodies used in this study HRP conjugated anti-mouse antibody (sc-516102; 1:1000 dilution; Santa Cruz Biotechnology) and HRP conjugated anti-rabbit antibody (sc-2357; 1:1000 dilution; Santa Cruz Biotechnology).
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7

Erlotinib and Cilengitide Modulate EMT Signaling

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Erlotinib was purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), and cilengitide was synthesized by Kyeong-Yong Park (CHA Meditech Co., Ltd., Daejeon, Korea) (Figures S1–S3). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), RPMI-1640 medium, and antibiotics (100 U/mL penicillin and 100 μg/mL streptomycin) were purchased from Corning Inc. (Corning, NY, USA). Recombinant human TGF-β1 was purchased from R&D Systems, Inc. (Minneapolis, MN, USA). Antibodies against E-cadherin (No. 3195), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) (No. 19245), p-ERK1/2 (No. 4370), ERK1/2 (No. 4695), p-EGFR (No. 3777), EGFR (No. 4267), and p-Smad2/3 (No. 8828) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. (Danvers, MA, USA). Antibodies against Smad2/3 (No. sc-133098), vimentin (No. sc-6260), N-cadherin (No. sc-59987), and β-catenin (No. sc-7199), horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibodies (No. sc-516102 and No. sc-2357), HRP-conjugated actin (No. sc-1615), and HRP-conjugated β-actin (No. sc-47778) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Dallas, TX, USA).
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8

SDS-PAGE and Western Blot Analysis

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Cell lysates were processed and run by SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis as described previously (12 (link),13 (link)). Antibodies used to detect α-tubulin, and HRP conjugated β-actin were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA). All other antibodies were from Cell Signaling (Beverly, MA). For each experiment, protein lysates were loaded to two gels and processed at the same time for separately probing for antibodies specific to phosphorylated proteins and total proteins. All membranes were probed with α-tubulin or β-actin as loading controls and a representative image was shown for each experiment. Each Western blot figure shows representative results of at least three independent experiments.
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9

Molecular Signaling Pathways in Cancer Cells

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DS was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The compound was dissolved in 100% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). A 50 mmol/L stock solution of DS was prepared and stored as small aliquots at –20°C until used. We purchased MTT, DMSO, gelatin, and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated anti-mouse and anti-rabbit antibodies from Sigma-Aldrich. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated CD44 and phycoerythrin (PE)-conjugated CD24 antibodies were purchased from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA, USA). The phospho-specific antibodies anti-p38, anti-AKT, anti-mTOR, and specific antibodies anti-p38, anti-AKT, anti-mTOR, and AKT inhibitor LY294002 were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). HRP-conjugated β-actin, OCT4, proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), p53, p21, cdc2, cyclin B1, CDK4, cyclin D, CDK2, and cyclin E antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA).
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10

VEGFR2 and STAT3 Phosphorylation Assay

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Cells were lysed in RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN) and orthovanadate (Thermo Scientifics, Rockford, IL), and clarified by centrifugation at 13,000×g rpm for 5 min at 4 °C. Protein concentration in the supernatant was quantified by bicinchoninic acid assay (BCA). 20 µg of protein from each treatment was loaded into NuPAGE 4–12% Bis-Tris Gels (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA), transferred to a PVDF membrane, and incubated with antibodies to phosphorylated VEGFR2 (p-VEGFR2, Y996) (1:500, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA), VEGFR2 (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA), p-STAT3 (Y705) (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology), or total STAT3 (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology) at 4 °C overnight. After incubating with primary antibodies, membranes were then probed with HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody or goat anti-mouse secondary antibody (1:3000–5000, ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) at room temperature for 1 h. All the membranes were reprobed with HRP conjugated β-actin (1:3000, Santa Cruz Biotechnology) as loading controls. Densitometry analysis was performed on exposed films using UN-SCAN-IT software (Silk Scientific, Orem, UT) and normalized to β-actin.
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