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7 protocols using vectra multispectral slide analysis system

1

Quantitative Multispectral Analysis of IHC

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Multispectral Analysis of dual-Color IHC/eosin stained samples were imaged using the PerkinElmer’s Vectra® multispectral slide analysis system. For each stained mammary section, multispectral images of the entire slide were captured manually for each 20X field containing ductal structures. For quantification of the DAB staining, the multispectral images were reviewed and analyzed using inForm® Tissue Finder software. A pattern recognition algorithm was used for processing as follows: (1) trainable tissue segmentation to segment ductal epithelial cells and (2) segmentation of the DAB-positive cells within this population from eosin-stained nuclei. Automatic quantification of these populations was used to calculate percent positive cells. For pERK quantification, automated cell segmentation of the pERK-positive tissue category was used to locate the subcellular compartments and scored by binning the spectrally unmixed DAB signal into four categories depending on the staining intensity (0+, 1+, 2+, and 3+), providing data in percent. The H-score, which ranges from 0 to 300, was calculated using the following formula: [1 × (% cells 1+) + 2 × (% cells 2+) + 3 × (% cells 3+)]. Thus, H-score measures staining intensity as well as percentage of positive cells in a given cellular compartment.
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2

Histological Analysis of Porcine Stomach Tissue

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Porcine native stomach (PNS) muscle tissue and PDSF (n = 6 each) were fixed in 10% formalin, embedded in paraffin, and sliced into 5-μm sections, which were mounted on slides. The slides were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson trichrome, and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). For immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, the slides were placed in antigen retrieval citrate buffer (Biogenex, Fremont, CA) in a steamer for 10 min at 95 °C. Endogenous peroxidases were blocked by incubation with Peroxide Block (Innogenex, San Ramon, CA), and nonspecific binding was blocked with normal goat serum (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA). Sections were incubated with primary antibodies against collagen I, laminin, MHC-I, MHC-II, and galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-gal; all from Abcam, Cambridge, MA) overnight at 4 °C. The sections were washed, received an application of a biotinylated secondary antibody for 30 min, and were treated with streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase complex (using the Vectastain ABC Kit) and diaminobenzidine solution (both from Vector Laboratories) and counterstained with hematoxylin. The sample sections were dehydrated, mounted, and imaged using the Vectra multispectral slide analysis system (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA).
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3

Quantitative Immunohistochemical Analysis of Pancreatic Tissue

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Formalin fixed pancreatic tissue from in vivo experiments was subjected to IHC analysis following staining with antibodies against pSTAT3 (Catalog 4904; Cell Signaling), pSTAT5 (Catalog ab30648; Abcam, Cambridge MA), and FoxP3 (Catalog 88–8111-40; ebioscience, San Diego, CA). For pSTAT3 and pSTAT5 analysis, 20x magnification images of pancreata (5 images per mouse) were quantified using PerkinElmer's Vectra multispectral slide analysis system. inForm software tools were used to segment sections on a cellular basis into cytoplasmic, nuclear, and membrane fractions. DAB staining was measured in each cellular compartment and quantified by the percentage of cells and H-score. H-score accounts for both spectral intensity and percentage of positive cells. For FoxP3 analysis, blinded histological analysis of staining in the pancreas was counted at 40x magnification, with at least 15 fields counted per mouse.
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4

Quantifying Pancreatic Acinar-Ductal Metaplasia

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Dual-IHC-stained slides were imaged using the PerkinElmer Vectra multispectral slide analysis system. The automatic work flow consisted of the following: (1) monochrome imaging of the entire slide, (2) RGB low-power imaging, and (3) high-power color imaging of all of the fields containing at least a 90% of pancreatic tissue using inForm tissue-finding and HPF-finding algorithms. All HPF images (0.4-mm2 area each) were reviewed to manually assess the density of ADM lesions, which was expressed as number per square millimeter. Twenty HPF images were randomly selected per mouse. Ten HPF images were randomly selected to manually assess the stromal fibroblast Ki67-labeling index (Ki67-positive fibroblasts/total fibroblasts per square millimeter). All histology was validated by pancreatic pathologists.
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5

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Pancreatic Tumors

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Tumor tissue was prospectively obtained at surgery under an Institutional review board-approved protocol following informed consent and de-identified. Formalin fixed pancreatic tissue from human tissue specimens and in vivo experiments in mice were subjected to IHC analysis following staining with Ab against IL-6 (Abcam and eBioscience), pSTAT3 (Catalog 4904; Cell Signaling), α-SMA (Catalog M0851; Dako), PD-L1 (Catalog NBP1-76769) and CD3 (Catalog A0452; Dako). For α-SMA quantification, 20× magnification images of pancreata (8–10 images per mouse) were captured using PerkinElmer’s Vectra multispectral slide analysis system. inForm software tools were used to quantify positive SMA cells (Fast Red chromogen) within each image (Supplementary Figure 1). For analysis of CD3+ cells, blinded histological analysis of staining in the pancreas was counted at 40× magnification, with at least 10 fields counted per mouse.
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6

Multiplex Immunohistochemistry Analysis of Tumor Samples

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FFPE tumors from s.c. experiments underwent IHC analysis following staining with Ab against CD3 (catalog A0452, Dako). PerkinElmer’s Vectra multispectral slide analysis system was used to capture 40× magnification of images of tumors (10 images/tumor). inForm software quantified CD3-positive cells (Fast Red chromogen) within each image. Additional slices were stained for CD8 and α-SMA and scanned with an Olympus Nanozoomer whole slide scanner and analyzed using Qupath (CD8) or FIJI (NIH) for α-SMA. Orthotopic tumors were also FFPE. Dual stains for DAPI (Perkin Elmer) with CD4 and FOXP3 were performed using a Roche autostainer and detected with Opal 520 and Opal 630-conjugated secondary (Perkin Elmer), respectively. Slides were imaged using the Vectra Multispectral Imaging System version 2 (Perkin Elmer). Filter cubes for imaging were DAPI (440–680 nm), FITC (520–680 nm), Cy3 (570–690 nm), Texas Red (580–700 nm), and Cy5 (670–720 nm). Multispectral images were analyzed with Qupath (50 (link)).
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7

Automated Multispectral Imaging and Analysis

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Samples were imaged using the PerkinElmer Vectra multispectral slide analysis system to automatically acquire 40 fields of interest per slide. The automatic workflow consisted of the following: (1) monochrome imaging of the entire slide, (2) RGB low-power imaging of the tumor tissue using an inForm tissue-finding algorithm, and (3) multispectral high-power imaging (400×) of the fields containing at least 90% tumor epithelium by means of an inForm HPF-finding algorithm. The multispectral images were reviewed and analyzed using inForm tissue-finder software. A pattern recognition algorithm was used for batch processing as follows: (1) cell segmentation to locate the subcellular compartments and (2) scoring to bin the spectral nuclear signals into two categories, negative and positive, providing data in percentage. The average number of nuclei analyzed per slide was 40,000.
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