Large cerebral artery was defined as the internal carotid artery main stem, the middle cerebral artery (M1), and the vertebral-basilar artery [38 (link), 39 (link)]. Large cerebral artery stenosis was defined as a narrowing of the relevant artery lumen of ≥50% or occlusion by viewing cerebral DSA videos [40 (link)]. Angiography was performed through a common femoral artery approach, using a standard guidewire and a 5-French catheter. DSA images were observed on a Philips biplane Easy Vision workstation with anterior-posterior, oblique and lateral views, utilizing a 1024 × 1024 matrix and a 30-cm-diameter image intensifier. Two observers assessed luminal narrowing of cerebral vessel disease by viewing DSA videos without knowing about the symptomatic side.
Easy vision
Manufactured by Philips
Sourced in Netherlands
Easy Vision is a laboratory equipment product designed for visual analysis and inspection. It provides a simple and efficient solution for examining various materials and samples under controlled lighting conditions. The core function of Easy Vision is to enable clear, detailed visualization of test subjects.
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Lab products found in correlation
8 protocols using easy vision
1
Cerebral Artery Stenosis Evaluation
2
MACI Evaluation via MRI and Outcome Scores
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The study was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki (World Medical Association) and approved by the Kantonalen Ethikkommision Zürich (PB_2017-00307). From all patients, written and verbal informed consent was obtained prior to study inclusion.
Patients treated with MACI between October 2015 and December 2016 were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were a BMI > 35, prior extensive meniscectomy, ongoing progressive inflammatory arthritis, or previous ligamentous injury. All surgical interventions were performed by the senior author (GS). Indication, execution, and rehabilitation for MACI were according to standard guidelines [6 (link)].
Each patient received standard preoperative 3-T or 1.5-T MR examination with sequences including two-dimensional (2D) intermediate-weighted (IM-w) turbo spin echo (TSE) images in at least two planes and a T1-w TSE sequence in at least one plane (sagittal or coronal) [5 (link)]. Imaging parameters were used in accordance to Jungmann et al. [5 (link)]. MR images were transferred on a picture archiving and communication system (PACS) workstation (Easy Vision, Philips, Best, Netherlands) and were graded according to the AMADEUS grading system. In addition, different patient-administered outcome scores were obtained.
Patients treated with MACI between October 2015 and December 2016 were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were a BMI > 35, prior extensive meniscectomy, ongoing progressive inflammatory arthritis, or previous ligamentous injury. All surgical interventions were performed by the senior author (GS). Indication, execution, and rehabilitation for MACI were according to standard guidelines [6 (link)].
Each patient received standard preoperative 3-T or 1.5-T MR examination with sequences including two-dimensional (2D) intermediate-weighted (IM-w) turbo spin echo (TSE) images in at least two planes and a T1-w TSE sequence in at least one plane (sagittal or coronal) [5 (link)]. Imaging parameters were used in accordance to Jungmann et al. [5 (link)]. MR images were transferred on a picture archiving and communication system (PACS) workstation (Easy Vision, Philips, Best, Netherlands) and were graded according to the AMADEUS grading system. In addition, different patient-administered outcome scores were obtained.
3
Comprehensive Knee MRI Evaluation for Osteoarthritis
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MR images were reviewed by Picture Archiving Communication System (PACS) workstations (Easy Vision, Philips, Best, Netherlands). Morphological assessment of the clinical MR images regarding early osteoarthritic changes was conducted via the Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score of the knee (WORMS) pre- and postoperatively by two readers in consensus (P.M.J. and A.S.G., 12 and 8 years of experience in musculoskeletal imaging) [28 (link)]. For each subregion, the structures were assessed as the following (supplemental material S2 , adjusted from [26 (link)]): (i) meniscus (score 0–4 in 6 regions), (ii) ligaments (score 0–4 in 6 locations), (iii) cartilage (score 0–6 in 6 regions), (iv) bone marrow (score 0–3 in 6 regions), (v) flattening or depression of articular surfaces (score 0–3 in 6 regions), (vi) subarticular cysts (score 0–3 in 6 regions), (vii) osteophytes (score 0–3 in 6 regions), and (v) other abnormalities (effusion (score 0–3), intraarticular body (score 0–2), baker cyst (score 0–3)). The total WORMS score was calculated as a sum score of all subscores similar to previous publications [26 (link), 29 (link)], resulting in a range of 0 to 164. The higher the score, the more pathological changes were present [28 (link)].
4
Semiquantitative Evaluation of MR Images
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MR images were transferred on Picture Archiving Communication System (PACS) workstations (Easy Vision, Philips, Best, Netherlands) and were evaluated semiquantitatively by two musculoskeletal radiologists independently (Jan S. Kirschke and Pia M. Jungmann). Both observers evaluated all images in a randomized order; MR evaluation was performed before CTA evaluation. For cartilage evaluation and evaluation of the subchondral bone on MRI, primarily IM-w sequences and T1-w sequences were considered.
5
Quantifying Left Ventricular Structure and Function
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CMR measures of LV structure and systolic function were determined by a semiquantitative analysis tool (EasyVision version 5.1, Philips Medical Systems). An observer blinded to clinical data manually traced epicardial and endocardial borders at end diastole and end systole.21 LV end‐diastolic volume (LVEDV) and LV end‐systolic volume were computed by method of summation of discs, and their difference was calculated as stroke volume. LV ejection fraction was determined by the ratio of stroke volume to LVEDV. LV mass was computed as the summation of myocardial volume in all short‐axis slices multiplied by myocardial density. LVEDV, LV end‐systolic volume, and LV mass were indexed to body surface area to account for body size in these measures (LV end‐diastolic volume index, LV end‐systolic volume index, and LV mass index).
6
Evaluating SLAP Repair Outcomes
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All magnetic resonance images were reviewed on a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS) workstation (EasyVision; Philips, Best, the Netherlands). MRAs were independently reviewed by two radiologists with >10 years of experience in musculoskeletal imaging. In addition, the MRAs were evaluated by a fellowship-trained shoulder surgeon with >10 years experience in shoulder surgery. All readers were blinded to previous imaging reports, patient demographics, and all clinical findings and outcomes. MRAs were read twice in random order separated by a minimum of 6 months.
Outcomes were classified according to:
Outcomes were classified according to:
Healed SLAP repair: minimal to no dye leakage (and/or improvement when compared to the preoperative imaging) under the labrum (
Re-torn SLAP repair: detached superior labrum and dye present between the labrum and superior glenoid at the 12 o’clock position or posteriorly (
7
ADC Histogram Analysis of Solid Tumors
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All the DW images were transferred to a workstation (Easy Vision; Philips Medical Systems). The ADC values were obtained by drawing a region of interest (ROI) on the ADC map and histogram analyses were obtained. The DW image analyses were made by two radiologists independently that were blind to the clinical data of the patients. For solid and mixed tumors, the ROIs were placed on the solid part of the lesions, as selected from T2-weighted and contrast enhanced MR images. Cystic and necrotic areas were not included in solid tumors.
8
Semiquantitative Evaluation of MRI Artifact Reduction
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All MRI datasets were transferred on Picture Archiving Communication System (PACS) workstations (Easy Vision; Philips, Best, the Netherlands) and were evaluated semiquantitatively by 2 readers in consensus (P.M.J., S.B.; 10 and 13 years of experience, respectively). Outcome measures were assessed on a 5-point scale (1 = best, 5 = worst). Artifact reduction was scored on phantom images by use of the parameters "in-plane distortion,""through-plane distortion,""ripple artifacts," and "overall artifacts." In-plane distortion was defined as signal displacement within 1 plane. Through-plane distortion was defined as signal displacement to adjacent planes. 9 Ripple artifacts were previously described as typical for SEMAC sequences. 19 They appear as multiple rings of signal loss and signal pile-up in-plane adjacent to round contours of the implant (Fig. 1A). Soft tissue image quality was scored on clinical images of patients by use of the parameters "blurring," "soft tissue contrast,"" distortion of soft tissue,"" ripple artifacts," and "overall image quality." The best image dataset of each iteration group and the best image dataset of each normalization group were chosen, finally resulting in a best image for each SESs group and an overall best image for each pulse sequence.
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