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5 protocols using 8 bromo camp

1

Pharmacological Modulation of cAMP Signaling

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(-)-Isoproterenol hydrochloride was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Cat #I6504), dissolved in water/100 mM ascorbic acid to 10 mM stock, and used at 1 μM final concentration. 5′-(N-Ethylcarboxamido)adenosine (NECA) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Cat #119140), solubilized in DMSO to 10 mM stock, and used at 10 μM final concentration. Forskolin was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Cat #F6886), dissolved in DMSO to 10 mM stock, and used at 10 μM final concentration. Shield-1 ligand for stabilization of DD-tagged proteins was purchased from Takara Bio (Cat # 632189) and added to the cell medium to 1 μM final concentration. The cell-permeable cAMP analog, 8-Bromo-cAMP, was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Cat #sc-201564), dissolved in DMSO and used at 1 mM final concentration within 1 month of re-suspension. The CREB inhibitor compound, 666–15, was purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Cat #5661), resuspended in DMSO and used at 100 nM final. At doses higher than 100 nM, 666–15 was toxic in our cell line. H89 dihydrochloride hydrate was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Cat #B1427), resuspended in DMSO to 10 mM stock, and used at 10 μM final concentration. D-luciferin sodium salt (Cat #LUCNA) and coelenterazine (Cat #CZ) were purchased from GoldBio and resuspended to 100 mM in 10 mM Hepes, and 10 mM in ethanol, respectively, and stored protected from light.
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2

Antagomir Treatment and Cellular Signaling

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Pharmacological inhibitors used in this study are summarized in Fig. S1 and Table S1. HLEKs or hTCEpi cells were plated in a six-well plate. After overnight incubation, the cells were exposed to ir-antago, antago-103, or antago-107 (or mixture of antago-103 and antago-107) with and without an inhibitor. For the sequential treatment schedule, cells were treated with ir-antago, antago-103, or antago-107 for 24 h for the generation of vacuoles. After 24 h, each inhibitor was applied in cells. Amiloride, EIPA, roscovitine, manumycin A, Ro-32-0432, FAK inhibitor 14, NSC23766, EUK134, 8-bromo-cAMP, VU0155069, Go6983, Rottlerin, IBMX, and propranolol hydrochloride were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.; O-tricyclo[5.2.1.0(2,6)]dec-9-yl dithiocarbonate potassium salt (D609), l-α-phosphatidic acid sodium salt, and chloroquine were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. BafA1 was from Cayman. PP2 was from EMD Millipore. ZCL278 was from Tocris Bioscience. SB203580 was from Cell Signaling Technology. BI-D1870 was from Enzo Life Sciences. Z-VAD-FMK was from BD. For short-term treatment of BafA1, cells were pretreated with BafA1 for 1 h, then medium with BafA1 was removed and cells were incubated in fresh medium with antagomirs for 24 h.
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3

Investigating CB2 Receptor-Mediated Signaling

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JWH-133 and ACEA was purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Westwoods Business Park Ellisville, Missouri, USA). The CB2 antagonist AM630 was purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). PKA inhibitor IV and 8-Bromo-cAMP were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, Texas, USA.) Antibodies against CNR1, CNR2, phospho-AMPK alpha (Thr172), AMPK alpha, P21, phospho-p53 (Ser15), P53, phospho-mTOR (Ser2448) and mTOR were purchased from Affinity Biosciences (Cincinnati, OH, USA). Antibodies against p-LKB1, LKB1, PCNA and β-Actin were purchased from Abcam Trading Company Ltd (Pudong, Shanghai, China). Goat anti-rabbit IgG-HRP and goat anti-mouse IgG-HRP secondary antibodies were purchased from KPL (Gaithersburg, MD, USA). All the other chemicals were obtained from Sigma.
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4

Characterization of HDAC5 Phosphorylation

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HDAC5 antibody was obtained from Cell Signaling (Catalog #2082), HDAC5 (Phospho-Ser498) antibody was obtained from Signalway (Catalog #11193–2), 14-3-3 antibody from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Catalog # sc-1657) and fluorescein labeled Dolichos Biflorus Agglutinin from Vector Laboratories (Catalog # FL-1031). SCH 23390 hydrochloride, tautomycetin was from R&D systems. IBMX, Sp-5,6-DCI-cBiMPS, H-89 Dihydrochloride, okadaic acid and 8-Bromo-cAMP are from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. Haloperidol hydrochloride, SCH 202676 hydrobromide and SQ 22536 are from Tocris. Tetrahydrozolone hydrochloride, lofexidine hydrochloride and methyldopate hydrochloride 200 were from VWR. The rest of the chemicals were purchased from Sigma.
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5

Ovarian Culture with PDE4 Inhibitor

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The ovaries were cultured in Nunc four well dishes (Fisher Scientific, Hvidovre, Denmark) on 12 mm floating hydrophilic PTFE cell culture insert with pore size of 0.4 mm (Millipore) covered with a small drop of media. The culture media consisted of MEM alpha, 1% v/v human serum albumin (CSL Behring, Lyngby, Denmark), 1% v/v insulin-transferrinselenium (Life Technologies), 1% v/v Pen Strep (Life Technologies), 1% v/v glutamax (Life Technologies) and 1% v/v FBS, 25 IU/l FSH (Puregon, MSD, Ballerup, Denmark). Each well contained 200 ml medium and the media was changed every other day. As selective PDE4 inhibitors, the two substances LEO29102 and its pyridine N-oxide LEO28386 (LEO Pharma, Ballerup, Denmark) were used (Felding et al. 2014) (link). The inhibitors were dissolved in DMSO (Sigma-Aldrich) and diluted in culture media until the final DMSO concentration was 0.01%. For experiments with the cAMP analogue 8-bromo-cAMP (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), DMSO was replaced with water. The ovaries were removed after culturing for 6 h for immunohistochemistry, 2 h for western blotting and 7 days for qPCR and follicle classification. Briefly, the ovaries were washed in PBS and snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen or embedded in 2% agarose and fixated in Bouin's solution.
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