Rifampicin

K. pneumoniae was previously isolated from the biogas slurry residue, and ampicillin (10 μg/mL) was used in the following steps to separate this strain. The genome sequencing of this strain was completed and the genomic information is available from NCBI (Accession: ASM1583203v1) [40 (link)]. Tetracycline (Macklin, Shanghai, China), streptomycin (Sigma, Shanghai, China), hygromycin (Macklin, Shanghai, China), kanamycin (Macklin, Shanghai, China), and roxithromycin (Macklin, Shanghai, China) were formulated as a 2 mg/mL stock solution in distilled water and stored at 4 °C. Rifampicin (Macklin, Shanghai, China) was formulated as a 2 mg/mL stock in DMSO, and azithromycin (Sigma, Shanghai, China) and chloramphenicol (Macklin, Shanghai, China) were formulated as a 2 mg/mL stock solution in ethanol. Ciprofloxacin (Macklin, Shanghai, China) was dissolved in 0.15 M of sodium hydroxide at 1 mg/mL and was neutralized before use. Concentrations of antibiotics and extra carbon sources used for the treatment of K. pneumoniae are listed in the Supplementary Materials, Table S1. MHB medium was purchased from Bioyee (Beijing, China) and prepared as broth according to the manufacturer’s instructions. All strains were grown overnight in a 37 °C shaking incubator (200 rpm) prior to initiating the experiment.

Poly(l‐lactide)‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐maleimide (PLA‐PEG‐Mal, MW of PLA is 10 k and MW of PEG is 5k, >90%) and poly(l‐lactide)‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐amine (PLA‐PEG‐NH₂, MW of PLA is 10k and MW of PEG is 5k, >90%) were purchased from Xi'an Ruixi Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Rifampicin (98%), triethylamine, dimethyl sulfoxide, dioxane, and gadolinium chloride hexahydrate (98%) were purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA, 98%) was bought from Aladdin. RVG29 (YTIWMPENPRPGTPCDIFTNSRGKRASNGC) was purchased from Shanghai Apeptide Co., Ltd. Tetrahydrofurfuryl chloride was bought from Tianjin Damao Chemical Reagent Factory. Other chemicals were analytical‐grade level, and all the aqueous solutions were prepared by using DI water. The Aβ antibody (1–42 specific), PSD95 antibody, SYP antibody, and beta‐Tubulin antibody were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. The horseradish peroxidase‐conjugated secondary antibody was purchased from Beijing Dinguo Changsheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The TRITC donkey anti‐rabbit secondary antibody was purchased from Life Technologies (Thermo Fisher Scientific).