Supersignal west pico chemiluminescense substrate kit

Human recombinant TrxR1 mutant enzyme (Sec498Cys) was from AbFrontier (Seoul, Korea). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM; containing 4500 mg/L D-glucose, 110 mg/mL sodium pyruvate, and 584 mg/L L-glutamine; catalog no. 11995–065), fetal bovine serum, puromycin, and penicillin/streptomycin were from Life Technologies (Grand Island, NY). The SuperSignal West Pico Chemiluminescense Substrate kit was from Thermo Scientific (Rockford, IL). Purified rat cytosolic TrxR, recombinant human Trx1, HN2, insulin, NADPH, 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), phosphatase inhibitor cocktail (catalog no. P2850, which contains microcystinLR, cantharidin, and (−)-p-bromotetramisole), protease inhibitor cocktail (catalog no. P2714, which contains 4-(2-aminoethyl)-benzenesulfonyl fluoride, E-64, bestatin, leupeptin, aprotinin, and EDTA), and all other chemicals were from Sigma (St. Louis, MO).

Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM; containing 4500 mg/L D-glucose, 110 mg/mL sodium pyruvate, and 584 mg/L L-glutamine; catalog number: 11995–065), fetal bovine serum, penicillin/streptomycin, Click-iT™ EdU Alexa Fluor™ 488 Flow Cytometry Assay Kit, FIX & PERM™ Cell Permeabilization Kit, FxCycle™ PI/RNase Staining Solution, and FxCycle™ Violet were from Life Technologies (Grand Island, NY). SuperSignal West Pico Chemiluminescense Substrate kit was from Thermo Scientific (Rockford, IL) and VE821 was from Sellectchem (Houston, TX). Mechlorethamine hydrochloride, KU55933, protease inhibitor cocktail (catalog no. P2714) which contains 4-(2-aminoethyl)-benzenesulfonyl fluoride, E-64, bestatin, leupeptin, aprotinin, and EDTA, NU7441 and all other chemicals were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).