Microscale malondialdehyde mda assay kit

The samples were homogenized in cold physiological saline and centrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 10 min (4 °C). Afterwards, the supernatants were collected and stored at −80 °C for further experiments. The total protein content was measured using BCA protein assay kits (CW Biotech, Beijing, China) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. A total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) assay kit (hydroxylamine method), glutathione S-transferase (GST) assay kit, reduced glutathione (GSH) assay kit, and microscale malondialdehyde (MDA) assay kit (TBA method) from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute were used to test the supernatant according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in cells were determined using a Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) assay kit, a Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-PX) assay kit, and a Microscale Malondialdehyde (MDA) assay kit, respectively, following the manufacturers’ instructions (Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China). The levels were normalized to the protein concentration determined by a bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay kit (Beyotime).