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Vegf c

Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States

VEGF-C is a recombinant protein that serves as a laboratory reagent. It is a member of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family and plays a role in the regulation of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis.

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6 protocols using vegf c

1

Molecular Mechanisms of Lymphangiogenesis

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Doxycycline, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, poloxamer 407, poloxamer 188, VEGF-C and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Antibodies included, anti-LYVE-1, anti-VEGF receptor 3 (VEGFR3) (abcam, Hong Kong, China), anti-Akt, anti-phosphorylated Akt, anti-nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) p65, anti-phosphorylated NF-κBp65, anti-IκB-α, anti-eNOS, anti-phosphorylated eNOS, anti-β-actin, horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated anti-mouse secondary antibody, HRP-conjugated anti-rabbit secondary antibody, Alexa Fluor 488-coupled goat anti-rat secondary antibody and Alexa Fluor 555-coupled goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody (Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., Danvers, MA).
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2

Western Blot Analysis of Cellular Proteins

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Proteins were extracted from HO8910 and A2780 cells cultured for 30 min in a 37°C atmosphere containing 5% CO2. The extracted proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate‒polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‒PAGE) and electrophoretically transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes (Millipore, USA). Standard WB analyses were performed using antibodies specific for CTGF (Santa Cruz, CA, USA), CYR61 (Santa Cruz, USA), FN1 (Sigma), HMGA2 (Sigma), ASAP3 (Sigma, USA), ERBB3 (Sigma, USA), IL-6 (Sigma, USA), IL-1 (Sigma, USA), JUN (Invitrogen, USA), MAP2K8 (Sigma, USA), MMP13 (Sigma, USA), NPNT (Invitrogen, USA), ODC1 (Invitrogen, USA), VEGFC (Sigma, USA) and GAPDH (Santa Cruz, USA). Immunoreactions were visualized using a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody (Santa Cruz, CA, USA) and detected by enhanced chemiluminescence. BandScan software was used to analyze the grayscale values.
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3

Lymphatic Vessel Sprouting Assay

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To detect lymphatic vessel sprouting in vivo, 3-month-old wild-type and LEC-DKO mice was daily treated with 100 ng of recombinant VEGF-C (R&D) in PBS or PBS by intradermal injection into the ear skin for 2 days. To detect lymphatic endothelial proliferation, mice were injected intraperitoneally with 150 μg EdU (Sigma) in PBS at day 2 after VEGF-C injections. At day 3, mice were killed and one ear of each mouse was dissected for whole mount staining. The other ear was embedded in optimal cutting temperature (OCT) compound (Sakura).
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4

Immunohistochemical analysis of lymphangiogenesis

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The antibodies, including anti-lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1 (LYVE-1) polyclonal, anti-VEGF-C monoclonal, anti-VEGF receptor 3 (VEGFR3) monoclonal, anti-CD11b monoclonal, anti-F4/80 monoclonal, and Anti- proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) monoclonal, were from abcam (Hong Kong, China). And the other antibodies, including anti-nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 monoclonal, anti-phosphorylated NF-κB p65 monoclonal, anti-β-actin monoclonal, horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated anti-mouse secondary antibody, HRP-conjugated anti-rabbit secondary antibody, Alexa Fluor 488-coupled goat anti-rat secondary antibody, Alexa Fluor 555-coupled goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody, were from Cell Signaling Technology Inc. (Danvers, MA). Recombinant HMGB1 (rHMGB1) and Box-A (a specific antagonist of HMGB1) were purchased from IBL International (Hamburg, Germany). VEGF-C was from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA).
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5

Lymphangiogenesis Regulation Pathway

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The antibodies, including polyclonal anti-lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1 (LYVE-1), monoclonal anti-Akt, monoclonal anti-phosphorylated Akt, monoclonal anti-eNOS, and monoclonal anti-phosphorylated eNOS antibodies, were obtained from Abcam (Hong Kong, China). Other antibodies, including the monoclonal anti-β-actin antibody, horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated anti-mouse secondary antibody, HRP-conjugated anti-rabbit secondary antibody, and Alexa Fluor 555-conjugtaed goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody, were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology Inc. (Danvers, MA). Recombinant mouse IL-33 was purchased from Alexis Biochemicals (San Diego, USA). VEGF-C was obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Wortmannin and NG-Monomethyl-L-arginine (NMA) were obtained from Abcam (Hong Kong, China).
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6

VEGF-C-Induced Lymphatic Endothelial Cell Differentiation

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The freshly sorted CD34+VEGFR-3+ EPCs were suspended with DMEM supplemented with 50 ng/ml VEGF-C (Sigma-Aldrich), 15% FBS, 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 μg/ml streptomycin (Beyotime, Nantong, China) and seeded onto 35 × 10 mm dishes pre-coated with fibronectin (Sigma-Aldrich) in density of 1 × 105 cells/dish. The cells were incubated for 14 days at least at 37°C, 5% CO2, in a humidified incubator. The morphological changes of the cells were recorded with a phase-contrast microscope at days 1, 7, 10, 14 and 21 after induction respectively. The cells induced with VEGF-C for 14 days were used for all following experiments for examining lymphatic formation of the cells.
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