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3 protocols using sqstm1 p62 d5e2

1

Western Blotting Analysis of Autophagy and Nrf2 Signaling

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Human primary synovial fibroblasts and HEK293 cells were collected on ice in lysis buffer [32 (link)]. Human synovial tissue was cut, freezed and macerated in cold lysis buffer. Western blotting was done as explained previously [14 (link), 32 (link)], by the use of following primary antibodies: p62/SQSTM1 (P0067), LC3B (L7543), GAPDH (G9545), α-Tubulin (T9026), Sigma-Aldrich, p62 (PW9860), Enzo Life Sciences, SQSTM1/p62 (D5E2) (#8025), RAD23B (D4W7F) (#13525), Cell Signaling, Phospho-p62 (SQSTM1) (Ser351) (M217-3), MBL, NGLY1 (A305-547A-T) Bethyl Laboratories, Inc., GFP (Y1030), UBPBio, ENGase (PA5-24531), Thermo Fisher Scientific, Nrf2 (MAB3925), R&D, and Nrf2 (Phospho S40) [EP1809Y] (ab76026), Abcam. Rabbit (#7074) and mouse (#7076) secondary antibodies were from Cell Signaling and mouse IgG2b (Star 134) from AbD Serotec.
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2

Immunoblotting of Nuclear Proteins

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Cell lysates were prepared with 0.5% NP-40 buffer (50 mM Tris–HCl [pH 7.5], 0.5% Nonidet P-40, 150 mM NaCl, 50 mM NaF, 1 mM dithiothreitol, 1 mM NaVO3, 1 mM PMSF, 2 µg/ml aprotinin, 2 µg/ml leupeptin, 10 µg/ml trypsin inhibitor, and 150 µg/ml benzamidine) and subjected to immunoblotting, as previously described [15 (link), 16 (link)]. Benzonase nuclease (125 U/ml; Millipore, MA, USA) and 2 mM MgCl2 were supplemented for detection of nuclear proteins. The relative protein expression levels of Trop-2 were measured using a densitometer and normalized to tubulin. The following antibodies were used: rabbit monoclonal antibody against Trop-2 (Abcam, Cambridge, UK), AKT (Cell Signaling Tech, MA, USA), SQSTM1/p62 (D5E2; Cell Signaling Tech), rabbit polyclonal antibody against ERα (Millipore), BRCA1 (C20; Santa Cruz, CA, USA), HER2 (Cell Signaling Tech), pAKT (phospho-Ser473 AKT; Cell Signaling Tech), TFEB (Cell Signaling Tech), pRSK (Pan phospho-Ser221, Ser227, Ser218, Ser232; Invitrogen), LC3 (2775; Cell Signaling Tech), mouse monoclonal antibody against γH2AX (JBW301, Millipore), RSK1 (A-10; Santa Cruz), RSK2 (E-1; Santa Cruz), β-actin (6276; Abcam), and α-tubulin (DM1A; Richard-Allan Scientific, MI, USA).
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3

MK-2206 and Autophagy Inhibitors Assay

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The AKT inhibitor MK-2206 was obtained from Merck & Co., Inc. (Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA). Bafilomycin A1 (Bafil A1), NH125 and hydroxychloroquine sulfate (HCQ) were purchased from Selleck Chemicals (Houston, TX, USA). The working stocks were dissolved to 10 mM, 50 μM and 1 mM using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for MK-2206, Bafil A1 and NH125, respectively. All reagents were stored at −20°C and diluted in fresh culture medium before experiments. The concentration of DMSO in the final solution did not exceed 1% (v/v). The stock solution of HCQ was formulated to 50 mM with ultrapure water. In vivo, 30% Captisol (CyDex Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Lenexa, KS, USA) was used to dose the MK-2206. LC3 I/II, β-actin, phospho-eEF2 (Thr56), eEF2, eEF2K, SQSTM1/p62 (D5E2) and cleaved caspase-3 (Asp175) were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). Anti-hypoxia-inducible factor-1α antibody was purchased from BD Biosciences (San Diego, CA, USA).
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