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17 protocols using 50 ml centrifuge tube

1

Evaluating Weight Loss and pH Changes of Biomembranes in SBF

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The membranes were immersed in SBF to assess their weight loss (%) and pH change (n = 5/group/time point). The pH change from the baseline pH of the SBF was measured using the pH meter (SevenCompact, Mettler Toledo GmbH, Greifensee, Switzerland). Then, the 10 mm × 10 mm membrane specimens were immersed in 4 mL of SBF/tube in 50 mL centrifuge tubes (Corning, Merck KgaA, Darmstadt, Germany). The tubes were incubated at 37 °C, and the pH of the solution of each membrane was measured on days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21. The control group consisted of a solution without membranes. To measure the weight loss, each membrane was weighed (Wd0) using an analytical balance (Satorius, Goettingen, Germany) before immersion in 4 mL of SBF/well in 12-well plates (Corning, Merck KgaA, Darmstadt, Germany). The membranes were incubated at 37 °C, and the SBF was added every 10 days to maintain a constant volume. To measure the weight loss on days 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120, the membranes were collected, rinsed with distilled water, and freeze-dried in a freeze dryer (LaboGene, Lillerød, Denmark) for 3 h. Their dry weights (Wdt) were measured, and their weight loss was calculated as:
The morphology of the membranes during the test was evaluated via SEM (n = 2/time point).
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2

Quantifying Neonicotinoids in Tea Leaves

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Tea leaves were ground using a mortar and pestle, and 1.5 g of finely ground tea leaves were placed in 50-mL centrifuge tubes (Corning Inc., Corning, NY). After adding the internal standards to the leaves (50 μL of 100 ppb solution), water (40 mL) at 25 °C was added. The content was vortex-mixed for 10 min and centrifuged at 10,000 × g for 10 min. Samples of 5 mL of the supernatant were separated and used for the next extraction and purification step. Tea was loaded onto a pre-conditioned (2 mL each of methanol and distilled water) Presep RPP 60 mg cartridge (Wako Pure Chemical Industries). Conditioning of ENVIcarb/PSA (500 mg/300 mg) (Sigma-Aldrich) was then carried out with 10 mL of acetone. The Presep RPP and ENVIcarb/PSA cartridges were connected in series, and analytes were eluted with 8 mL of dichloromethane:acetonitrile (2:8 v:v) solution. After concentrating analytes with a centrifugal concentrator (CVE-200D with UT-2000; EYELA, Tokyo, Japan) at 60 °C for 1 h, the samples were reconstituted with 100 μL of 3% ethanol aqueous solution and transferred into vials for analysis. Seven neonicotinoid insecticides and 20 metabolites (Table 1) were analyzed simultaneously in each sample. Results of neonicotinoid insecticides and metabolites in tea leaves were expressed in ng/g w/w.
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3

Koji Microbial Succession in Soy Sauce

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Koji samples from high-salt liquid-state fermentations of soy sauce were collected from the Pearl River Bridge Biotechnology Co., Ltd (Zhongshan, Guangdong, China), which is one of the most famous food manufacturing companies in China. Prior to koji making, whole soybeans were steam-cooked and the steamed soybeans were mixed with wheat flour at a ratio of 3:1 (w/w), followed by cooling to 30°C and inoculation with 0.03% A. oryzae strain 3.042 as a spore starter (Feng et al., 2013 (link)). Subsequently, mixtures were fermented in a vessel (length: 8 m × width: 4 m × depth: 50 cm) at 28–35°C in a koji incubation room. Relative humidity was maintained at about 95% during koji making. The overall process of koji making is illustrated in Supplementary Figure 1. To investigate the succession of microbial communities and metabolites during the process, koji samples were periodically taken at 0–48 h. At each sampling time, 50 g of koji samples were randomly collected from three vessels, placed in 50 mL centrifuge tubes (Corning CentriStar, NY, United States), immediately transported on ice to the laboratory, and then stored at −20°C until subsequent DNA extraction and chemical analysis.
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4

Isolating Cancer Stem Cells from BT549

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CSCcmBT549 cells, 2 × 106 cells, were seeded on T75-flasks (TPP Techno, Switzerland) coated with 0.1% gelatin in the same media mentioned above. After 24 h of culture, the cells were washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and fresh media was added. At day 3, the floating non-adherent cells were harvested in 50 mL-centrifuge tubes (Corning, New York, NY, USA), centrifuged at 500g for 10 min., suspended in 0.5 mL of MyeloCultTM M5300 media (stem cell technology, Vancouver, BC, Canada), and then seeded on 60-mm dishes coated with 0.1% gelatin. After 24 h, the non-adherent cells were transferred to new 60-mm dishes that were coated with 0.1% gelatin to remove CSCcmBT549 cells remained adherent.
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5

Cryopreserved Spheroid Cell Viability

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First, the cryopreserved spheroids were collected into 50 ml centrifuge tubes (Corning, NY, USA) and washed with PBS. Next, the spheroids were soaked in 1 mL of cell dissociation solution (Accumax, Innovative Cell Technologies, CA, USA) and incubated at 37°C for 20 min. Next, the spheroids were gently pipetted up and down until a single-cell suspension was obtained. The single-cell suspension was then seeded in a dish, and the number of cells on the 1st and 3rd days of culture was measured using cellular ATP measurement (CellTiter-Glo 3D cell viability assay, Promega, Madison, WI, USA). As a positive control, non-cryopreserved spheroids were used.
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6

Comparative Growth of C. hepaticus

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Costar® 24-well cell culture plates (CCP24), Corning® 50 mL centrifuge tubes (CT50) with a vented cap (0.2 μm pore size), Corning® 75cm2 cell culture flask (TCF75) with a vented cap (0.2 μm pore size) and Erlenmeyer flasks (250 mL) (EF) were used to compare the growth of C. hepaticus in Brucella broth (BD BBL™). The volume of culture media used in CCP24 was 1 mL, 25 mL (CT50 and TCF) and 40 mL (EF). All vessels were placed in BD GasPak™ EZ container, charged with CampyGen 3.5 L (Oxoid) to produce microaerobic conditions and then incubated at 37 °C for 48 h. The growth rate of C. hepaticus HV10 was determined by the plate count method on HBA plates.
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7

Phantom Experiments for Magnetic Susceptibility

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The phantom experiments utilized a gadolinium phantom consisting of six 50 mL centrifuge tubes (Corning, Corning City, New York) in a water bath. Each tube contained a solution with different concentrations of gadobutrol (Bayer, Leverkusen, Germany). The concentrations were chosen to span the range of physiological magnetic susceptibilities arising from excess iron [6] (link) and include higher values to assess the effect of streaking artifacts at higher susceptibility shifts. The concentrations were 0.0, 0.6, 1.5, 3.1, 6.1, 9.2 mM/dm3 giving theoretical susceptibilities of 0.0, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 ppm, respectively, when calculated with the Curie law [17] (link). The shim-box and reconstruction ROI were set to the volume of the water bath. The mean and standard deviation of the voxels within an ROI defined for each tube in a central slice (to avoid the large susceptibility shift relative to water, of the acrylic tube stand which held the tubes at the top and bottom) of the resultant susceptibility map were calculated, and fit with a linear model of measured against predicted susceptibility. λ values of 50, 100, 250, and 500 were used for the experiment and L-curve analysis was performed using the zero curvature approach [18] (link) across a range of λ values from 0.1 to 1 × 107.
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8

Whole Blood Collection and Preparation

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Approximately 216 ml venous blood collected by a licensed phlebotomist using a 19-gauge blood collection needle was added into 24 ml of acid-citrate dextrose solution A anti-coagulant to prepare 240 ml of anti-coagulated whole blood for each volunteer. A single-donor model was applied to minimize potential confounding variables (1 (link)). The anti-coagulated whole blood was split into six aliquots of 40 ml in 50-ml centrifuge tubes (Corning, Lowell, MA, USA) and subjected to the first spin within 30 min after collecting in an automated tabletop centrifuge (Ankel TDL-5-A; Anting Scientific Instrument Factory, Shanghai, China). A blood collection tube coated with K2 EDTA (BD Vacutainer; BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) was used to collect 2 ml of venous blood for whole-blood analysis.
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9

3D-Printed Fluid Guide with Membrane Filters

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The fluid guide was 3D-printed with a Form 3+ (Formlabs, USA) using clear V4 resin, cleaned in Form Wash (Formlabs, USA) using isopropanol (IPA) in an ultrasonic bath for 30 min, and cured in Form Cure (Formlabs, USA) with ultraviolet light for 40 min at 60 °C. Fluid guide dimensions are provided in ESI. † A Nuclepore track-etched polycarbonate membrane filter (Whatman, Cytiva, UK) with pore sizes 1.0, 2.0, or 3.0 μm was inserted in a guiding structure of the fluid guide and glued using double-sided tape (Scotch, USA). 50 mL centrifuge tubes (Corning, Mexico) were used for the experiments.
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10

Isolation and Culture of Alveolar Macrophages

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AMs isolation and culture have been described in previously published article (Liu et al. 2018) . Briefly, three piglets were euthanized in the operation area of the pathoanatomy room (aseptic treatment). Under aseptic conditions, the lungs were removed and filled with RPMI1640 culture medium (containing 1% penicillin streptomycin mixture) (Gibco, Carlsbad, CA, USA). The collected liquid was resuspended in a 50 mL centrifuge tube (Corning, Ithaca, NY, USA) and centrifuged at 1,500 g for 10 min three times. The cell concentration was adjusted to 5.0×10 5 cells/mL. The AMs isolated from each pig were cultured separately in a 24-well plate (Corning) in an incubator (NuAire, MN, USA) with 5% CO 2 , at 37°C. All animal experiments were approved by the Animal Protection and Utilization Committee of the Nanchong Vocational and Technical College.
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