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90 protocols using hplc grade ethanol

1

Reagents for LC-MS Metabolomics

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LC-MS grade water, methanol, and acetonitrile were purchased from CNW Technologies (GmbH, Dusseldorf, Germany). High-performance liquid chromatography- (HPLC-) grade ethanol and acetone were obtained from Merck & Co. (Kenilworth, NJ, USA). Ammonium acetate and ammonium hydroxide of LC-MS reagent grade were bought from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). 2-Chloro-L-phenylalanine was purchased from Shanghai Hengbai Biotech (Shanghai, China).
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2

Phytochemical Extraction and Cytotoxicity

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Gallic acid and quercetin were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (USA). HPLC grade ethanol, methanol, Folin Ciocalteu's Phenol reagent, sodium carbonate, and aluminum chloride were purchased from Merck (Germany). 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and dimethyl sulfoxide (Himedia, India).
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3

Quantification of Pyrrole-GSH Conjugates

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RTS and GA (G10105, 97%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, United States). Cocktail substrate and metabolite standards, NADPH tetrasodium salt, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD), glutathione (GSH), and all other chemicals, unless indicated, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, United States). Pyrrole-GSH conjugate, 7,9-diGSH-(±)-6,7-dihydro-7-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-5H-pyrrolizine (7,9-diGS-DHP), was prepared as previously reported (Lin et al., 2000 (link); Ma et al., 2015 (link)). HPLC-grade ethanol, acetone, formic acid, and acetonitrile were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Anti-CYP3A1 antibody was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (sc-53246, Santa Cruz, CA, United States). Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit and goat anti-mouse were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology Inc. (Danvers, MA, United States). Anti-RECA-1 antibody (ab197727) and Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (ab150117) were supplied by Abcam (Cambridge, MA, United States).
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4

Characterization of Pyrazine Derivatives

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Pyrazine, 2-methylPyrazine (2M), 2,6-dimethylPyrazine (26DM), 2,3-dimethylPyrazine (23DM), 2-ethyl-3-methylPyrazine (2E3M), 2,3,5-trimethylPyrazine (235TM), 2,3-diethylPyrazine (23DE), 5-ethyl-2,3-dimethylPyrazine (5E23DM), 2,3,5,6-tetramethylPyrazine (2356TTM), 2-isobutyl-3-methylPyrazine (2I3M), 2,3-diethyl-5-methylPyrazine (23DE5M), 2-acetyl-3-methylPyrazine (2A3M), (3,5,6-trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methanol (TM2YM) and 2-propylPyrazine were purchased from company Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China). Meanwhile, 2-ethyl-6-methylPyrazine (2E6M), 2,6-diethylPyrazine (26DE) and 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylPyrazine (2E35DM) were purchased from J&K Chemical Corp (Beijing, China). The above commercial standards (≥96% purity) were used. HPLC grade ethanol and LC–MS grade acetonitrile were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Ultra-pure water was obtained from a Milli-Q Gradient A10 system (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA).
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5

Quantification of Tigecycline in Pharmaceutical Formulations

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The Quality for pharmaceutical services (QPS) laboratories (Egypt) donated TGC. Ammonium acetate, triethylamine (TEA), ammonium hydroxide, ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid disodium salt dihydrate (EDTA), and acetic acid were obtained from Merck (Germany). Without additional purification, HPLC-grade ethanol from Merck (Germany) was utilized. A Milli-pore analytical deionization system collected deionized water (Bedford, MA). Tygacil
® (Pfizer, U.S.A.) lyophilized vial containing 50 mg of TGC was purchased from wholesale suppliers during the product's shelf life.
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6

Polyamine Quantification by HPLC

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Sigma-Aldrich provided the Spd, Put, and Spm standards, 1, 6-diaminohexan (internal standard), and isobutyl chloroformate (IBCF) (Saint Quentin-Fallavier, France). HPLC-grade ethanol and acetonitrile were purchased from Merck. All chemical reagents (disodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium hydroxide) were of analytical grade and were used without further purification.
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7

Spray Dried Taxifolin Antioxidant Protocol

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Taxifolin was purchased from JSC Ametis (Blagoveshchensk, Russia) and then processed according to spray drying technology, reported previously [27 (link)], to obtain TS. STZ, 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS, ≥98% HPLC grade), potassium persulfate (di-potassium peroxydisulfate, PP), phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 7.4), 10% buffered formalin (pH 7.4), and sodium chloride were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Burlington, MA, USA). Citrate buffer (pH 4.5) was obtained from JSC COMPONENT-REAKTIV (Moscow, Russia). Saline solution (SS) from Avexima Siberia (Anzhero-Sudzhensk, Russia), the HPLC grade ethanol from Merck Ltd. (Darmstadt, Germany), and the deionized water from LLC Smoly (Moscow, Russia) were used as solvents.
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8

Radiolabeling of D2R and Sigma-R Ligands

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The D2R ligand 11C-raclopride was prepared by 11C-methylation of its hydroxy precursor (Farde et al. 1988 (link)). The tracer was dissolved in sterile saline. Specific radioactivity was >10 GBq/μmol at the time of injection. The sigma-R ligand 1-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine (11C-SA4503) was produced by 11C-methylation of 4-O-demethyl SA4503 (Kawamura et al. 2003 (link)). The isotonic tracer solution had a pH of 6.0 to 7.0, a specific radioactivity >15 GBq/μmol at the moment of injection, and a radiochemical purity >98 %. Pridopidine hydrochloride (ACR16) was custom synthesized by Axon MedChem BV (Groningen, Netherlands). HPLC grade ethanol was from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), and methanol and acetonitrile were purchased from Rathburn (Walkerburn, Scotland).
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9

Anti-inflammatory and Anti-Oxidant Assays

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HPLC-grade ethanol and Folin–Ciocalteu's reagent were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Sodium bicarbonate and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were supplied by Fisher Scientific (Leicestershire, UK). 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), quercetin hydrate, curcumin, gallic acid, 4-nitrophenyl α-D-glucopyranoside (PNPG), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and recombinant murine interferon gamma (IFN-γ) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). The α-glucosidase enzyme was purchased from Megazyme (Bray Business Park, Ireland). The reagents used for cell culture studies, including Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM), containing HEPES and L-glutamine, with and without phenol red; an antibiotic mixture of penicillin-streptomycin, fetal bovine serum (FBS), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), and TripLE™ Express enzyme were supplied by Gibco (Life technologies, USA). The LC/MS graded acetonitrile was purchased from Fisher Scientific (Toronto, Canada). RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Rockville, MD).
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10

Aspirin's Anti-inflammatory Mechanisms

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HPLC-grade ethanol was purchased from Merck Company (Darmstadt, Germany). Analytical grade acetic acid and ultrapure water (Watsons, Guangzhou, China) were used throughout the experiment. Instant dry yeast was obtained from Angel Yeast Co., Ltd. (Yichang, China). Aspirin enteric-coated tablets were supplied by Bayer S.p.A. (Viale Certosa, Milano, Italy). The cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) was purchased from Nanjing Sunshine Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, China). The Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide (PI) kit was supplied by Invitrogen (California, USA). Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Kits, Rat TNF-α, and Rat IL-1β were supplied by R&D Systems (Minnesota, USA). ELISA Kits for rat endothelin-1 (ET-1), rat intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), rat matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), rat NF-κB, rat nitric oxide (NO), rat thromboxane B2 (TXB2), and rat superoxide dismutase (SOD) were procured from Nanjing Senbeijia Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, China).
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