To precipitate proteins, 200-µL aliquots of freshly thawed plasma were mixed with 200 µL of anhydrous ethanol (POCH) containing an internal standard (0.5 mL IS/10 mL EtOH) (Vitamins A and E in Serum/Plasma—HPLC, Chromsystems), vortexed and left for 10–15 min. Then, 400 µL MilliQ-grade deionized water (Merck Millipore) and 800 µL of hexane (Aldrich) were added to extract the vitamin. The samples were shaken vigorously for 2 h and centrifuged at 25,155×g for 10 min. Then, 400 µL of the upper layer (hexane) were collected, dried in Speed-Vac system (8 min), and dissolved in 100 µL of mobile phase (acetonitrile and methanol (Sigma-Aldrich), 80:20 (v/v), HPLC-grade). The samples were shaken vigorously overnight, centrifuged at 25,155×g for 10 min, and supernatants were injected into HPLC system. The method was validated with the reference material from Chromsystems.
Hexane
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, United Kingdom, Italy, India, Spain, France, Brazil, Ireland, Sao Tome and Principe, Canada, Japan, Poland, Australia, Portugal, China, Denmark, Belgium, Macao, Switzerland
Hexane is a colorless, flammable liquid used in various laboratory applications. It is a saturated hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C6H14. Hexane is commonly used as a solvent, extraction agent, and cleaning agent in scientific and industrial settings.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Methanol, by Merck Group (242 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (147 mentions)
Chloroform, by Merck Group (137 mentions)
Acetone, by Merck Group (135 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (114 mentions)
Ethyl acetate, by Merck Group (109 mentions)
Toluene, by Merck Group (90 mentions)
Oleic acid, by Merck Group (73 mentions)
Dichloromethane, by Merck Group (72 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (71 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (64 mentions)
Oleylamine, by Merck Group (54 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (48 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (44 mentions)
1 octadecene, by Merck Group (37 mentions)
Diethyl ether, by Merck Group (37 mentions)
Tetrahydrofuran, by Merck Group (36 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (34 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (33 mentions)
Isopropanol, by Merck Group (32 mentions)
879 protocols using hexane
1
Vitamin A and E Extraction from Plasma
2
Synthesis of Multifunctional Silica Nanoparticles
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All chemicals were obtained from commercial sources and used as received if not otherwise stated. N,N 0 -Methylenebis(acrylamide) (BIS; 99%, Sigma-Aldrich), ethanol (99.9%, Sigma-Aldrich), ammonium persulfate (APS; 98% Sigma-Aldrich), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS; 98%, Sigma-Aldrich), hexane (Z99%, Sigma-Aldrich), ammonium hydroxide solution (28-30% NH 3 basis, Sigma-Aldrich) and (3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate) (MPS; 98%, Sigma-Aldrich) were used as received. N-Isopropylacrylamide (NiPAm; 97%, Sigma-Aldrich) was purified by recrystallization from hexane (95%, Sigma-Aldrich). Water was double deionized using a Milli-Q system (18.2 MO cm, Elga PURELAB Flex).
3
Comprehensive Lipid Profiling by HPTLC and GC-MS
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Total lipid was resuspended in butanol and separated by high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC, Silica gel 60, Merck), as described previously [50 (link)]. HPTLC was migrated with the solvent system hexane/diethyl ether/formic acid (40:10:1, v/v/v, Sigma) and revealed under UV light after spraying with purimuline (1 × 10−3%, Sigma) solution in 80% acetone. Different lipids were identified by comparison with an authentic standard spotted on the same plate. The spots correlating to phospholipids, DAG, sterols, free fatty acids, and TAG were scraped off. An internal standard (C15:0 1 nmol) (Avanti Polar lipids) was added and the methanolysis was carried out by hydrogen chloride solution. All samples were incubated at 85 °C for 3 h (oven) [50 (link)].
A second extraction was realized by adding hexane (Sigma) and water. The supernatant was transferred. For sterols, the derivatization was made by adding BSTFA-TMCS (Sigma) and for the rest of lipids, hexane was added. All the samples were analyzed using GC-MS (Agilent). For lipidomic analysis, three independent experiments were performed in triplicate for each sample.
A second extraction was realized by adding hexane (Sigma) and water. The supernatant was transferred. For sterols, the derivatization was made by adding BSTFA-TMCS (Sigma) and for the rest of lipids, hexane was added. All the samples were analyzed using GC-MS (Agilent). For lipidomic analysis, three independent experiments were performed in triplicate for each sample.
4
PNIPAM Hydrogel Synthesis and Characterization
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N,N’-methylenebis(acrylamide) (BIS; 99%, Sigma Aldrich), ammonium persulfate (APS, Sigma Aldrich, 98%), potassium persulfate (KPS, Merck, >99%), N,N’-(1,2-dihydroxyethylene)bisacrylamide (DHEA, Merck, 97%), methacrylic acid (Merck, 99%), sodium periodate (99.8%), Trichloro(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl)silane (PFOCTS, 97%, Sigma Aldrich), ethanol (Sigma Aldrich, >99.5%), linear poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM, 10 kD, Sigma Aldrich) and Nile Red (>98%, Sigma Aldrich), hexane (≥99%, Sigma Aldrich) were used as received. N-Isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM; 97%, Sigma Aldrich) was purified by recrystallization from hexane (95%, Sigma Aldrich). Dodecane (99%, Acros organics) was passed through an alumina column twice. Water was double deionized using a Milli-Q system (18.2 MΩ·cm).
5
Nonylphenol Adsorption on Biochar
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Nonylphenol (> 99% purity) was purchased from Aladdin (Shanghai, China) and prepared as a concentrated stock solution with acetonitrile. Tenax TA (60–80 mesh) was obtained from Supelco (Bellefonte, Pennsylvania, USA) and regenerated by ultrasonic washing with methanol, acetone and hexane in order [14 (link)]. acetonitrile, methanol, acetone, hexane and dichloromethane (chromatographic grade) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
Biochar was produced from rice straw following a procedure detailed in a previous study [14 (link)].
Biochar was produced from rice straw following a procedure detailed in a previous study [14 (link)].
6
One-step FAME Extraction from Biomass
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FAMEs were extracted via a one-step transesterification method, where a known amount of freeze-dried biomass was treated, using sulfuric acid (95%; analytical grade from Sigma-Aldrich) and methanol solution (H2SO4:CH3OH = 1:10), and sonicated for 10 min. This step was followed by heat treatment at 80 °C for 2 h. Further, the mixture was transferred to a tube containing 1 mL of distilled water and 3 mL of hexane: chloroform (4:1; hexane and chloroform from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) mixture and centrifuged. The top layer containing FAME fractions was filtered and analyzed, using GD-FID (Shimadzu 2010 plus, Kyoto, Japan) [29 (link)]. Then, 2 µL of sample was injected into gas chromatography set at 100–240 °C/5 min holding time. The sample was separated by using 100 m column with He as a carrier gas. FAMEs were identified based on retention time observed, using Supelco standards obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (37 Component FAME Mix: Cat # Number 200-838-9, St. Louis, MO, USA).
7
Fabrication of Nanofiltration Membranes
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Acrylic acid (AA, 99.0%), sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS, 98.5%), hexane (98.0%), 1,3,5-benzenetricarbonyl trichloride (trimesoyl chloride, TMC) (98.0%), m-phenylenediamine (MPDA, 98.0%), hexane (98.0%), zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (<50 nm particle size (BET), >97%), and ammonium chloride (99.5%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany) as analytical grade reagents. These reagents were all utilized without any further purification. Ultrafiltration (UF) polyethersulfone (PES) (PES-Radel 300, 5.00 kDa) membranes were purchased from Microdyn Nadir (Johannesburg, South Africa).
8
Preparative Chromatography of Lipid Mixtures
9
Lindane-Polluted Soil Washing Process
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The chemicals Lindane (C6H6Cl6, 97%, Sigma Aldrich), Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS) and Hexane were used. A clay soil, whose characteristics can be found elsewhere (Risco et al., 2015) was used in the Lindane-polluted soil washing process. To spike soil 1 g of Lindane was dissolved in 0.1 dm -3 of Hexane (Sigma Aldrich) and this solution was spiked over 1.0 kg of clay soil. The spiked soil was then aerated for 1 day to promote Hexane evaporation. After that, the soil was mixed with 5 dm -3 of soil Soil-Washing Fluid (SWF) consisting of a SDS solution in water (5000 mg dm -3 ). Finally, the Soil-Washing Effluent (SWE) is obtained in order to perform the electrochemical experiments. The SWE simulated synthetic polluted groundwater that ensured enough electrical conductivity to develop the electrochemical process without the addition of electrolyte. The inorganic composition of the SWF was the following: 0.66 g L -1 of MgSO4.7H2O, 0.1318 g L -1 f NaCl, 0.02555 g L -1 of KI, 0.2497 g L -1 of CaCO3 and 0.1302 g L -1 of NaNO3. Additional information about the soil washing process is described elsewhere (Carboneras et al., 2018) .
10
Quantification of Vitamin E in Biological Fluids
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Plasma or synovial fluid samples were extracted with ethanol (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and hexane (Merck). Alpha-tocopheryl acetate (Sigma-Aldrich) was used as internal standard. We used alpha tocopherol (258,024 Sigma) as an external standard to make a standard curve. Then we calculated vitamin E concentrations from that standard curve. After drying the hexane layer under nitrogen gas and resuspending it in methanol (Merck), the extract was injected into the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system. The stationary phase was established using a C18 column (Inertsil ODS-3; GL Sciences, Tokyo, Japan). The mobile phase was a mixture of isocratic methanol/water (98/2, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.5 ml/min. The HPLC peaks were detected with an ultraviolet detector at 292 nm [23 (link)].
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