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44 protocols using lipofectamine 2000 system

1

PI16-Mediated Gene Regulation in HEK293 Cells

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The HEK293 cell line is a highly efficient and easy to culture cell line for transfection. The PI16 reporter plasmids were obtained from GeneChem (Shanghai, China). Cotransfection of the reporter vector with PI16-WT or PI16-Mut into HEK293 cells was conducted with the Lipofectamine 2000 system (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA). Cotransfection of the reporter vector with PI16-WT or PI16-Mut into HEK293 cells was conducted with the Lipofectamine 2000 system (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) for 48 h. Thereafter, the luciferase reporter system was then used to assess luciferase activity.
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2

Identifying PLOD1 miRNA Targets

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The target miRNAs for PLOD1 were selected by TargetScan (http://www.targetscan.org/vert_72/), based on the context++ score (22 (link)). The plasmids of the wildtype p3'-UTR-PLOD1 and the mutant p3'-UTR-PLOD1-mut were generated. For the dual-luciferase reporter assay, plasmids were co-transfected into AMSCs using LipofectamineTM 2000 system (Invitrogen, USA).
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3

KLF2 Knockdown via Lipofectamine Transfection

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Transfection was performed using the LipofectamineTM 2000 system (Invitrogen) following the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Small interfering (si) RNA against KLF2 was purchased from Invitrogen and had the following sequences: hKLF2 si-1: sense GCACCGACGACGACCUCAATT, antisense UUGAGGUCGUCGUCGGUGCTT; hKLF2 si-2: sense UCAACAGCGUGCUGGACUUTT, antisense AAGUCCAGCACGCUGUUGATT; hKLF2 Si-3: sense UGCUGGAGGCCAAGCCAAATT, antisense UUUGGCUUGGCCUCCAGCATT. The knockdown efficiency was determined using RT-qPCR.
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4

Quantitative Western Blot Analysis

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Proteins were extracted from cell cultures and lysed with Laemmli sample buffer containing 2% SDS, 52.5 mM Tris-HCl and protease inhibitors (Roche diagnostics). Equal amounts of protein from each treatment were loaded into 12% SDS-polyacrylamide gels. Anti- EB1 (clone KT51, Abcam), anti-EB2 (Abcam), anti-EB3 (EPR11421(B), Abcam), anti-α-tubulin (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-acetylated tubulin (6-11B-1, Merck millipore), anti-detyrosinated tubulin (Abcam), and anti-GFP (Abcam), anti-GAPDH (Clone, source), anti-acetylated histone H3 (Merck millipore) and anti-mouse IgG-horseradish peroxidase (Jackson Immunoresearch) were used. YL½ antibody (Merck Millipore) was used to detect both tyrosinated tubulin (~ 50 kDa) and tyrosinated EB1 (~ 30 kDa). U87 cells were transfected with GFP-EB1 and Detyrosinated-GFP-EB1 plasmids [19 (link)] using lipofectamineTM 2000 system (Invitrogen) and left to incubator for 24–48 h. Visualization of protein bands was performed with a chemiluminescence detection kit (Millipore) and the chemiluminescent signal was acquired with a G:BOX imaging system (Syngene). Quantification of western blot bands was performed with Image J software.
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5

Knockdown of Human EB1 Gene

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ShRNA plasmid that specifically knocked out human EB1 (NM_012325) and negative shRNA control plasmid (Mission non-target shRNA control vector) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Cells were transfected according to the protocol previously described (21) . Stable GFP-shRNA-transfected cells were obtained after transfection with peGFP-N3 vector (Clontech) using lipofectamineTM 2000 system (Invitrogen) and selection with 0.6 mg/mL geneticin (Life Technologies).
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6

Microscopic Analysis of Cellular Response

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RPE-1, HCT 293 and HCT 116 cells were cultured as described previously (Kiyomitsu and Cheeseman, 2012 (link)). Cells were treated with DMSO, 50 μM palmostatin, 10 μM Wnt-C59, or 5 μM Qz for 12 hours. For live-cell imaging, cells were cultured with 50 ng/ml Hoechst33342 for 10 minutes prior to observation. RNAi experiments were carried out with 27mer siRNA duplexes corresponding to regions of PORCN and LYPLA1. The oligonucleotides (Origene) were transfected at an amount of 100 pmol per 6 well plate into HCT 293 cells using the Lipofectamine 2000 system (Thermo Fisher) in accordance with the supplier’s recommendations. Cells were fixed with methanol for 3 minutes followed by 3 washes in PBS 0.3% triton X 100 for DNA (Hoeschst3342) and microtubule (1:2000 E7 anti-beta tubulin antibody) staining. For importin α staining (1:1000 antibody gift from Karsten Weis), cells were fixed with 3% paraformaldehyde and 2% sucrose. Images were acquired on an Andor/Nikon spinning disk confocal. For both fixed and live cells, 10 Z sections were acquired in 1 μm steps using a Nikon Plan-fluor 40x/0.75 NA objective. Distance measurements and mean fluorescent intensities were analyzed using ImageJ/Fiji software.
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7

Determining PEBP1 Mediation in LINC00473-Induced Akt/Bad/Bcl-2 Pathway

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To further determine whether the activation of the Akt/Bad/Bcl-2 signaling pathway by LINC00473 is mediated by PEBP1, the shRNA and overexpression plasmid of PEBP1 were transfected into Dex-induced hBMSCs using a Lipofectamine 2000 system (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.), as recommended by the manufacturer. Three shRNAs of PEBP1, including sh-PEBP1-1 (target sequence, tgGGA TGA CTA TGT GCC CAA A), sh-PEBP1-2 (target sequence, caAAT TCA AGG TGG CGT CCT T) and sh-PEBP1-3 (target sequence, cgAGC AGG ACA GGC CGC TAA A), and the overexpression plasmid (vector name, GV657) for PEBP1 (PEBP1-up) were provided by Genechem Corporation. Moreover, a random sequence (TTC TCC GAA CGT GTC ACG T) was selected as the negative control of shRNA (sh-Control), and a blank vector was used as the negative control of the overexpression plasmid for PEBP1 (PEBP1-Control).
Following infection with the LINC00473-up lentivirus, the Dex-induced hBMSCs were transfected with a shRNA of PEBP1 to create the Dex + LINC00473-up + sh-PEBP1 group (Dex + LINC00473-up + sh-PEBP1). The Dex-stimulated hBMSCs were transfected with the recombinant plasmid of PEBP1 to create the Dex + PEBP1-up group (Dex + PEBP1-up). Following transfection for 24 h, the transfection efficiency of PEBP1 was detected by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis.
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8

Validating miR-467b-3p regulation of Gpat1

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The pMIR-REPORT System (Thermo Fisher Scientific) was used to identify miR-467b-3p binding sites in the 3ʹUTR of Gpat1. The β-galactosidase reporter control vector was used for normalization. The putative or mutated miR-467b-3p binding sites of Gpat1 3ʹUTR were cloned into a luciferase miRNA expression reporter vector ,which contains firefly luciferase under the control of a mammalian promoter/terminator system. Hepa1–6 cells were co-transfected with the Gpat1 3ʹUTR luciferase reporter and the control construct, and with the miR-467b-3p mimic or mimic control, using the Lipofectamine 2000 system (Thermo Fisher Scientific). After 48 hours of transfection, luciferase activity was measured using the Dual-Light System (Applied Biosystems) and normalized to the corresponding β-galactosidase activity.
For the measurement of HNF4α signaling, Hepa1–6 cells were transfected with negative control or inducible HNF4α reporter plasmid from the Cignal HNF4α Reporter Assay Kit (SABiosciences, Hilden, Germany), along with a constitutively expressed Renilla construct. After 24 hours of transfection, cells were treated with 6-G for 48 hours. Luciferase activity was measured using the Dual-Light System.
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9

Generating Stable CBR1 Overexpressing HepaRG Cells

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HepaRG cells were transfected with pcDNA3-CBR1 wild type (CBR1/WT) or pcDNA3-basic using the lipofectamine 2000 system (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Stable cell lines were established as described previously (Tak et al., 2011 (link)). Briefly, the transfected HepaRG cells were maintained in a culture medium treated with G418 disulfate salt (600 mg/ml, A1720; Sigma-Aldrich), and G-418 resistant colonies were selected.
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10

Isolation and Transfection of Murine BM-MSCs

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Mice BM-MSCs were acquired and cultured, as described in previous reports [39 (link), 40 (link)]. In brief, bone marrow cells acquired from the bone marrow cavity of 8 week old mice were incubated at 4°C for 20 min along with the following antibodies: Sca-1, CD29, CD45 and CD11b. Thereafter, Sca-1+CD29+CD45CD11b BM-MSCs were separated using flow cytometry (BD Biosciences) and cultured in DMEN supplemented with 10% FBS (Gibco, Invitrogen, USA) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin.
For the transfection of PGC-1α siRNA and its respective negative control (NC), the BM-MSCs were seeded into 12-well plates and transfected on a lipofectamine 2000 system (Thermo Scientific), according to manufacturer's recommendations.
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