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45 protocols using avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase

1

Quantifying E2F-1 Expression in Ovarian Cancer

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Total RNA extraction from ovarian carcinoma cell lines and ovarian tissues was performed with 1 mL TRIzol reagent (Takara, Shiga, Japan) and the total RNA was reverse-transcribed to complementary DNA (cDNA) using the avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase and random primers (Takara, Shiga, Japan) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Real-time PCR amplification of the cDNA was performed in 20 μL reactions according to the SYBR Premix Ex Taq II kit (Takara, Shiga, Japan) protocol; 18S rRNA was used as the internal control. Hairpin-it microRNA Normalization RT-PCR Quantitation (GenePharma) was used to check E2F-1. The oligonucleotide primers for PCR were based on GenBank sequences. The primers used for E2F-1 and GAPDH were as follows: E2F-1 forward, 5-CCATCCAGGAAAAGGTGTGAA-3 and reverse, 5-AGCGCTTGGTGGTCAGATTC-3′.
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2

Mesenchymal and Myoblast RNA Isolation and cDNA Synthesis

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Total RNA was isolated from mesenchymal and myoblast-like cells using the SV Total RNA Isolation System (Promega, Madison, WI, USA) according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Complementary DNA (cDNA) was prepared from each total 5 μg RNA sample by incubating a 25 μL mixture containing 0.25 mol·L−1 dithiothreitol, 5 × reaction buffer, RNase inhibitor, and avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase (Takara Bio, Shiga, Japan) for 1 h at 41 °C. This cDNA was used as a template for PCR amplification. Amplifications (0.5 μL cDNA in a total reaction volume of 50 μL) were performed at 95 °C for 1 s, at 52 °C for 30 s, and at 72 °C for 20 s (3 cycles); followed by 95 °C for 30 s, at 52 °C for 30 s, and at 72 °C 20 s (25 cycles) using a GeneAmp PCR System 9700 thermocycler (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). Primer sequences, reaction conditions, and the size of each product are listed in Table 1. The amplification of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was performed in the same manner to evaluate the cDNA quality. Amplification products were separated by electrophoresis on 1.5% or 2.0% agarose gels.
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3

EV miRNA Quantification by RT-qPCR

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A hydrolysis probe–based RT‐qPCR assay for EV miRNAs was performed following the manufacturer's protocol (Applied Biosystems, TaqMan miRNA Assays, Shanghai, China). Briefly, 2 µL of extracted RNA from each sample, 3.5 μL of diethyl pyrocarbonate‐treated water, 2 μL of 5× reverse transcription buffer, 1 μL of 10 mm deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs), 0.5 μL of avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase (TaKaRa, Tokyo, Japan), and 1 μL of a stem‐loop RT primer (Applied Biosystems) were mixed and incubated at 16 °C for 30 min, 42 °C for 30 min, and 85 °C for 5 min. For real‐time PCR, a total of 20 μL of reaction mixture containing 1 μL of cDNA, 0.3 μL of Taq polymerase, 0.33 μL of hydrolysis probe (Applied Biosystems), 1.2 μL of 25 mm MgCl2, 0.4 μL of 10 mm dNTPs, 2 μL of 10× PCR buffer, and 14.77 μL of Milli‐Q water was incubated at 95 °C for 5 min, followed by 40 cycles at 95 °C for 15 s, 60 °C for 30 s, and 72 °C for 30 s using an ABI7300 (Applied Biosystems). All reactions were analyzed in triplicate, and the data were analyzed using the comparative Cq method, with cel‐miR‐39 as the exogenous control 13. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was utilized to estimate the diagnostic value of plasma EV miRNAs according to the previous report 21.
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4

Quantitative Gene Expression Analysis in AML12 Cells

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Total RNA was extracted from the AML12 cells using TRIzol (Invitrogen; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) Total RNA was converted into complementary DNA using avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase (Takara Bio, Inc., Otsu, Japan). The primers (forward, 5′-CCTGGCTAGAACAAGACACC-3′ and reverse, 5′-ATCCGAGACCCATCGAAA.T-3′) were synthesized by Aoke Company (Beijing, China). RT-qPCR was used to quantify the complementary DNA template. Quantitative gene expression analysis was performed using the SYBR® Premix Ex Taq™ GC (RR071Q; Takara Bio, Inc.) and normalized relative to the β-actin mRNA control band. The reaction system included 12.5 µl of SYBR Premix Ex Taq GC, 0.5 µl of forward primer, 0.5 µl of reverse primer, 2 µl of template and 9.5 µl of H2O. The reactions were incubated in 96-well optical plates for initial denaturation at 95°C for 3 min followed by 35 cycles of denaturation at at 95°C for 15 sec, annealing at 60°C for 30 sec, extension at 72°C for 30 sec then followed by a final extension at 72°C for 10 min.
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5

Quantitative Expression Analysis of miR-16

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Total RNA was extracted from cells using TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.). RNA samples were qualified by using a UV spectrophotometer, and optical density (OD)260/OD280 was limited to 1.8–2.0. Total RNA was reverse transcribed to cDNA using a reverse transcription system (cat. no. 4368814; Fermentas, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.). In brief, total RNA was incubated at 70°C for 10 min and centrifuged at 1,000 × g for 20 min at room temperature. cDNA was synthesized by Avian Myeloblastosis Virus Reverse Transcriptase (Takara Bio, Inc., Otsu, Japan), according to the manufacturer's protocols. RT-qPCR with SYBR Green qPCR dye (Toyobo Life Science, Osaka, Japan) was conducted, according to the manufacturer's protocol, to study the quantitative expression of miR-16. The thermocycling conditions were as follows: 45°C for 5 min for reverse transcription, followed by 94°C for 30 sec and then 40 cycles of 94°C for 5 sec and 60°C for 30 sec. Three replicates were included in the RT-qPCR analysis. The relative expression levels of miR-16 were normalized to β-actin and calculated using the 2−∆∆Cq method (14 (link)). The sequences of the primers used are: miR-16, 5′-TAGCAGCACGTAAATATTGGCG-3′ (forward) and 5′-TGCGTGTCGTGGAGTC-3′ (reverse); and GAPDH, 5′-AGAAGGCTGGGGCTCATTTG-3′ (forward) and 5′-AGGGGCCATCCACAGTCTTC-3′ (reverse).
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6

Quantifying Endogenous NEMO mRNA Expression

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To detect the mRNA expression of endogenous NEMO, cells were collected at different time points postinfection. Total RNA was extracted with TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen), and RNA (1 μg) was reverse transcribed into cDNA using avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase (TaKaRa, Japan). Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) experiments were each performed three times. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) served as an internal reference to evaluate the mRNA expression levels. All primers for real-time PCR are listed in Table 1.
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7

Gene Expression Analysis by Real-Time PCR

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Total RNA was extracted from cells by Trizol reagent (Thermo Fisher Scientific) then reverse transcribed and synthesized to cDNA using avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase (Takara, Dalian, People’s Republic of China) according to these manufacturers’ instructions. The quantification of gene transcripts was determined by real-time PCR using SYBR Green Real time PCR Master Mix (Toyobo) and Mx3000P quantitative PCR (qPCR) system (Stratagene, La Jolla, LA, USA). Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was used as the internal control. The qPCR primers are 5′-CTCCAAGAAGCTGGTCATCA-3′ and 5′-GAGCTCCTCGAGGTTGTACC-3′ for CUL4A; 5′-TACACTGCCCAGGAGCCAGA-3′ and 5′-TGGCACCAGTGTCCGGATTA-3′ for E-cadherin; 5′-GACGGTTCGCCATCCAGAC-3′ and 5′-TCGATTGGTTTGACCACGG-3′ for N-cadherin; 5′-TGAGTACCGGAGACAGGTGCAG-3′ and 5′-TAGCAGCTTCAACGGCAAAGTTC-3′ for vimentin; 5′-GCACCGTCAAGGCTGAGAAC-3′ and 5′-TGGTGAAGACGCCAGTGGA-3′ for GAPDH.
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8

Total RNA Isolation and RT-PCR Analysis of β2-AR

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Total RNA was isolated from muscle samples with the use of Isogen (Nippon Gene, Wako, Japan). Portions of the RNA were subjected to reverse transcription (RT) with an oligo(dT) primer and avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase (Takara, Otsu, Japan), and the resulting cDNA was subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis with LA Taq (Takara) and primers (forward, 5′-CGAGTGGTCATCCTGATG-3′; reverse, 5′-GCAGAACTTGGAGGACC-3′) specific for β2-AR (Sigma Genosys, Ishikari, Japan).
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9

Quantification of mRNA Levels Using qRT-PCR

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Total RNA was isolated from cells using TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen) following manufacturer’s instructions and cDNA was prepared by using avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase (TaKaRa). cDNA was used for quantification of the indicated mRNA copy number on an ABI ViiA 7 PCR system (Applied Biosystems, USA) by using SYBR Green Master Mix (Rox). To detect and validate the specific amplification of PCR products, dissociation curve analysis of the products was conducted at the end of each PCR. Transcript levels of each gene were normalized with the expression of β-actin, and the 2ΔΔCt method was used to analyze gene expression in the samples (26 (link)). The primers used in qRT-PCR are listed in Table 1.
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10

Quantitative PCR for mRNA Expression

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Total RNA was extracted using Isogen reagent (Nippon Gene Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). One microgram of RNA was converted to cDNA with avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase (Takara, Otsu, Japan) in 20 μl reaction mixture. Aliquots of 2 μl of cDNA samples were subjected to quantitative PCR in a total volume of 25 μl using SYBR Premix ExTaqII (Takara) in a light cycler apparatus (Roche Diagnostic). Primers used for amplification of each mRNA were as follows:
Dusp1 forward, 5′-TGTAGCACCCCTCTCTACGA-3′; Dusp1 reverse, 5′-GACAATTGGCCGAGACGTTG-3′; c-Jun forward, 5′-TCATCCAGTCCAGCAATGGG-3′; c-Jun reverse, 5′-TATGCAGTTCAGCTAGGGCG-3′; c-Fos forward, 5′-ACCACGACCATGATGTTCTC-3′; c-Fos reverse, 5′-GACAGATCTGCACAAAAGTC-3′.
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