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Sodium carbonate

Manufactured by Fujifilm
Sourced in Japan

Sodium carbonate is a chemical compound commonly used in photographic and imaging laboratory equipment. It serves as a key component in various photographic processes, acting as a buffer and pH regulator. Sodium carbonate helps maintain the appropriate pH levels in various solutions used in the development and processing of photographic materials.

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18 protocols using sodium carbonate

1

Iron Overload Nephropathy in Mice

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Ferric nitrate enneahydrate was obtained from Wako, and nitrilotriacetic acid disodium salt was obtained from TCI (Tokyo, Japan); they were dissolved in deionized water to make 300 and 600 mM solutions, respectively. The solution of Ferric nitrate enneahydrate and nitrilotriacetic acid disodium was mixed immediately before use to make Fe‐NTA solution, with a ratio of 1:2 (v/v); the pH was adjusted to 7.4 with sodium carbonate (Wako). Finally, the Fe‐NTA solution was diluted 10 times with deionized water. All the chemicals used were of analytical grade.
From 4 weeks of age, 58 male wild‐type A/J mice were maintained under a standard diet at the laboratory animal facility of Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine. All the mice were injected i.p. with Fe‐NTA, with a dose of 5 mg iron/kg five times a week for the first 2 weeks, and injected with a dose of 7 mg iron/kg five times a week during the next 10 weeks. The mice that were found dying were killed. The fresh kidney tissues were either fixed in 10% PBS for H&E staining/immunohistochemistry or frozen at −80°C for other analyses.
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2

Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching Gel

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The 10 ml of 35% hydrogen peroxide (Wako Pure Chemical), 5 ml of deionized water, and 0.35 g of carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (Wako Pure Chemical) were mixed. The carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt was used as thickener to increase the viscosity of bleaching gel. Then each of sodium hydroxide (NaOH, Wako Pure Chemical), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3, Wako Pure Chemical), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3, Wako Pure Chemical), potassium hydroxide (KOH, Wako Pure Chemical), potassium hydrogen carbonate (KHCO3, Wako Pure Chemical), or potassium carbonate (K2CO3,Wako Pure Chemical) was added as a pH conditioner, and pH of the solution was adjusted as 7.0 (Table 1). Final concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the bleaching materials was 23.0%.
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3

Cell Culture and Proliferation Assay

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Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) was purchased from Gibco BRL (Grand Island, NY, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was purchased from JRH Biosciences Inc. (Lenexa, KS, USA). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). TSS (Citosol) was purchased from Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. (Tokyo, Japan). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for rat IL-1α and IL-6 were purchased from R&D Systems, Inc. (Minneapolis, MN, USA) and BioSource International (Camarillo, CA, USA), respectively. The Water Soluble Tetrazolium-1 (WST) Cell Proliferation Assay System was purchased from Takara Bio (Shiga, Japan). All other chemical reagents, including sodium carbonate, were purchased from Wako Pure Chemicals (Osaka, Japan) unless otherwise stated.
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4

Antioxidant Compound Extraction and Analysis

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(−)-Epigallocatechin (98%), (−)-Epicattechin (98%), Caffeine anhydrous (98.5%), Phosphoric Acid, Ortho (85%), Acetonitrile (99.8%, used for HPLC analysis in this paper) were purchased from Nacalai tesque, Kyoto, Japan. (+)-Catechin Hydrate (>95.0%), (−)-Epicatechin Gallate (>98.0%), (−)-Epigallocatechin Gallate Hydrate (>98%), tert-butyl hydroperoxide (70% in Water) were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry, Tokyo, Japan. Acetonitrile for High Performance Liquid Chromatography (99.8+%, used for LC-MS/MS analysis in this paper) and Sodium Carbonate (99.8+%) were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Tokyo, Japan. Folin–Denis’ reagent and 2’,7’-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (≥97%, DCFDA) was purchased from Merck KGaA (Sigma-Aldrich), Darmstadt, Germany. Anmonium formate solution, and Formic acid-Acetonitrile were purchased from Kanto Kagaku, Tokyo, Japan. Sodium hexametaphosphate was purchased from Mitejima Chemical, Osaka, Japan. SOD Assay Kit-WST was purchased from Dojindo Molecular Technologies, Kumamoto, Japan.
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5

Synthesis and Characterization of Cyclodextrin Derivatives

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FPB-βCyD, PB-βCyD, and 1 were synthesised according to our previous reports.5–7 (link) Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, Luminasol®, Dojindo Laboratories), sodium chloride (Fujifilm Wako Chemicals), disodium hydrogen phosphate (Fujifilm Wako Chemicals), sodium hydrogen carbonate (Fujifilm Wako Chemicals), sodium carbonate (Fujifilm Wako Chemicals), d-fructose (Fujifilm Wako Chemicals), d-glucose (Fujifilm Wako Chemicals), d-galactose (Fujifilm Wako Chemicals), d-mannose (Fujifilm Wako Chemicals), d-ribose (Fujifilm Wako Chemicals), d-xylose (Fujifilm Wako Chemicals), hydrogen chloride aq. (Fujifilm Wako Chemicals), 50% sodium hydroxide solution (super special grade, Fujifilm Wako Chemicals), and Milli-Q water were used for spectroscopic measurements.
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6

Synthesis and Characterization of Thermoresponsive Hydrogels

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NIPAAm
was purchased from
KJ Chemicals (Tokyo, Japan) and was purified by recrystallization
from toluene and n-hexane. PEG (Mn: 10 kDa), oxalyl chloride, and chloroform-d were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO) and were used without
further purification. DDMAT was purchased from Trylead Chemical Technology
(Hangzhou, China). NAS, 2,2′-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile)
(V-65), 2,2′-azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN), dichloromethane
(super dehydrated), acetone, toluene, n-hexane, ethanol,
1,4-dioxane, diethyl ether, DEEA, triethylamine, N,N-dimethylformamide, hydrochloric acid, sodium
carbonate, acetic acid, and sodium acetate trihydrate were purchased
from Wako Pure Chemical (Osaka, Japan) and were used without purification.
PAA (Mn: 150 kDa, 40 wt % solution) was
kindly provided by Nittobo Medical (Tokyo, Japan).
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7

Reagent Preparation for Antiviral Assays

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Propylene glycol (PG), ethanol (99.5), distilled water, methanol, PBS, sodium acetate, sodium carbonate, and zanamivir were obtained from Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Corporation (Osaka, Japan). Mineral oil was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC (St. Louis, MO, USA).
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8

Inorganic Compounds Acquisition for Research

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Heptane, methanol, lithium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, barium chloride, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, and sodium nitrate were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries Co. Brij L4 was purchased from Merck KGaA. The water with a resistivity of 18.2 MΩ cm was obtained from a water purifier (Direct-Q UV, Millipore Co).
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9

Betanin Extraction and Analysis Protocol

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Betanin (red beet extract diluted with dextrin) (Product number, P.N. CDS000584) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). 3,4-Dihydroxyphenethylamine hydrochloride (P.N. 62317), sucrose (P.N. 57501), sodium carbonate (P.N. 497198), methanol (P.N. 67561), acetonitrile (P.N. 75058), formic acid (P.N. 64186), and ultrapure water (P.N. 7732185) were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries (Osaka, Japan). Calcium lactate for the Ca2+-added treatments (P.N. 814802) and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (P.N. 350709) were purchased from Nacalai Tesque Inc. (Kyoto, Japan). Folin-Ciocalteu phenol reagent (P.N. 02195186) was purchased from MP Biomedicals (Santa Ana, CA, USA). High-TEMPO Ar and High-TEMPO Cu were developed for liquid fertilizer by Mitsubishi Plastics Agri Dream Co. (Tokyo, Japan), as described previously [16 (link)].
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10

Plasma Free Hemoglobin Measurement

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Plasma free hemoglobin (pfHb) values were determined using a Harboe assay.24 (link)
Briefly, 15 µL of plasma was diluted 100 times with 1485 µL of 0.1% sodium carbonate (Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Co.).25 (link)
The absorbance was then made at 380, 415, and 450 nm using a spectrophotometer (UVmini-1240; Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). The amount of pfHb was assessed using the following formula:
pfHb(mgdL)=(167.5×A41583.6×A45083.6×A380)×VtotalVplasma×110
Here, A415, A450, and A380 represent the absorbance at each wavelength while Vtotal (µL) and Vplasma (µL) show the total volume of the measurement sample and the plasma volume, respectively.
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