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22 protocols using methanol

1

Extraction and Quantification of Ferulic Acid

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L. chuanxiong was purchased from a local Chinese medicine herb market (Chengdu, China), dried at 60 °C until it reached the stable weight, crushed and pressed through a 40-mesh sieve, then kept at −20 °C prior to the experimental analysis.
A ferulic acid standard was obtained from Chengdu Must Biological Technology Co., Ltd (Chengdu, China). Choline chloride, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, glycerol, glucose, sucrose, maltose, malic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, ethanol, methanol and other chemicals were purchased from Chengdu Kelong chemical reagent factory (Sichuan, China). Deionized water (electrical resistivity ≈ 18.2 MΩ cm) used in the experiments was purified by a water-purifying system of Sichuan Water Technology Development Co., Ltd.
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2

Synthesis and Characterization of a Metal-Organic Framework

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Benzene 1,4-dicarboxylic acid (BDC, 99%) was purchased from Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co. Ltd. Ethylene glycol (98%), N,N-dimethylformamide (99.5%), methanol (99.9%), ethanol (99.8%) and acetone(99%) were supplied by Chengdu Kelong Chemical Company. Aluminum nitrate nonahydrate (99.99% metals basis) was obtained from McLin Biochemical Technology Company. Phenol (Jiangsu Yonghua Chemical Company, 99%), 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroathane (Jiangsu Qiangsheng Chemical Company, 99%) were used as received. All the reagents were purchased and not further purified.
The powder XRD pattern was collected on a PANanalytical X’Pert Pro diffractometer operated at 40 kV and 40 mA and using Cu Kα radiation in the 2θ angular range of 3–80°.
The simulated powder diffraction pattern of the crystal is given by the software Mercury.
The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface calculations were determined by N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms via a Micromeritics Tristar 3020. N2-isotherms were measured at 77 K. Degassing of the samples was conducted under vacuum at 423 K for 12 h.
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed under a nitrogen atmosphere using NETZSCH TG209F1 equipment with a heating rate of 10 °C/min.
The electron microscope used in the experiment was produced by the German company ZEISS and the model was Gemini SEM300.
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3

Functional Biobased Polymer Composites

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PLA (Mw = 280 kDa, Mw/Mn = 1.98) used in this experiment was obtained from Natureworks LLC (Blair, NE, USA). Acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) was purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Nano-Ag was purchased from Wanjing New Material Co., Ltd. (Hangzhou, China). Dichloromethane, methanol, NaOH, hydrogen peroxide, Na2CO3 were obtained from Chengdu Kelong Chemical Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China). DPPH, Guaiacol were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). All the reagent were analytical reagent. Texture analyzer (Texture Exponent 32, Stable Micro Systems Ltd., London, UK), Colorimeter (WSC-S; Shanghai Precision Instrument Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China), Digital Refractometer (MZB 92, Shanghai Miqingke Industrial Testing Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China), PH meter (Merck, Barcelona, Spain), spectrophotometry (UV-1800, Mapada Instruments Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China), Centrifuged (TGL-16M, Xiangyi Centrifuge instruments Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China).
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4

Synthesis of Wood-Based Composites

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Dicyandiamide, ammonium
chloride, sodium hydroxide, methanol, and phosphoric acid (≥85%)
were purchased from Kelong Chemical Reagent Co. (Chengdu, China).
Zinc oxide and boric acid were provided by Zhiyuan Chemical Reagent
Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China). Wood was supplied by Southwest Building
Materials (Chengdu, China).
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5

Synthesis of Pyridine and Benzonitrile Derivatives

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N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA), ethanol, potassium hydroxide (KOH), ammonia solution and methanol were purchased from Chengdu kelong chemical Co., Ltd. Copper cyanide (CuCN), 4-acetylpyridine and 4-formylbenzonitrile were purchased from Shanghai macklin biochemical Co., Ltd. All reagents were directly used as received without further purification.
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6

Characterization of Apple Peel Polysaccharides

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Dried apple peel, as a by-product of apple chips, was obtained from Meiqingyuan Food Co. (Sichuan, China). A. oryzae (CICC 2339) in lyophilized powder form was acquired from China Center of Industrial Culture Collection (CICC) and it was kept at 4 °C until use. The standards of mannose (Man), rhamnose (Rha), galacturonic acid (GalA), glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), xylose (Xyl), arabinose (Ara) and fucose (Fuc) and lactose (Lac) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). High-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC)-grade chlorogenic acid, hyperin, isoquercitrin, ellagic acid, phloridzin, quercitrin, quercetin and Folin-Ciocalteu’s reagent was obtained from YuanyeBio-Technology Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) was obtained from Adamas Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Acetonitrile and methanol of chromatography grade and other chemicals of analytical grade were purchased from Kelong Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd (Chengdu, China).
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7

Extraction and Analysis of Tartary Buckwheat

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The Tartary buckwheat (Chuanqiao No. 2) was purchased from Liangshan Prefecture, China, while the TBB was provided and processed by the Huantai Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China). The rutin standard, gallic acid standard (chromatography grade, purity ≥ 98%), Folin-phenol reagent, and DPPH were purchased from the Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The copper sulfate (CuSO4), potassium sulfate (K2SO4), boric acid (H3BO3), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), ethanol, petroleum ether, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), phosphate, methanol (analytical grade), and methyl red were obtained from the Chengdu Kelong Chemical Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China). The sodium hydroxide (NaOH), ferrous chloride (FeCl2), and salicylic acid were purchased from the Tianjin Zhiyuan Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China), while the aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) and potassium acetate were acquired from the Guangdong Guanghua Technology Co., Ltd. (Shantou, China).
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8

Tetracycline Quantification in Milk

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The tetracycline (TC), oxytetracycline (OTC), chlorotetracycline (CTC), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), ethylenediamine and 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) were purchased from Adamas-Beta® (Shanghai, China). Ammonia, diethyl ether, Na2HPO4, methanol, acetonitrile, acetone, anhydrous ethanol, Na2EDTA and citric acid monohydrate were obtained from Chengdu Kelong Chemical Reagent Factory (Chengdu, China). The milk powder samples were purchased from markets in Chengdu (China). All chemicals were of analytical pure grade otherwise stated. Distilled water was used throughout. The stock standard solution of TC (1.0 mg mL−1) was prepared by dissolving TC in distilled water. The working standard solutions were prepared by diluting stock standard solutions with distilled water. The Na2EDTA-McIlvaine buffer (0.1 mol L−1, pH 4.0) solution was produced by dissolving Na2HPO4 (8.86 g), Na2EDTA (16.81 g) and citric acid monohydrate (5.90 g) in 500 mL of water.23 (link)
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9

Antimicrobial Evaluation of Natural Compounds

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Folin-Ciocalteu Reagent, chloramphenicol (Beijing Solarbio Co., Ltd., China); ellagic acid, galic acid monohydrate, caffeic acid, quercetin and theophyline (Shanghai Winherb Medical Science Co., Ltd., China); tannin acid (Tianjin Dongliqu Tianda Chemical Co., Ltd., China); ethanol, methanol, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (Chengdu Kelong Chemical Co., Ltd., China); sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), sodium borohydride (NaBH4), aluminum chloride (AlCl3), hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, chloranil, vanillin, phosphomolybdic acid, sodium tungstate, and tetrahydrofuran (THF) (Tianjin Bodi Chemical Co., Ltd., China); chromatographic grade methanol and acetonitrile (Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, USA).
Muller Hilton Agar (MHA) and nutrient broth (NB) (Qingdao Hope Bio- Technology Co., Ltd., China).
S. aureus, Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes), S. paratyphi A, Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) and Salmonella, L. enteritidis (S. enteritidis) (Microbial Culture Collection Center of Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, China).
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10

Cassava Starch-based Hydrogel Synthesis

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Cassava starch was purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). AM and liquid paraffin were obtained from Damao Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China). Ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS), linear-alkylbenzenesulfonic acid (Op-4), AA, and PEG were obtained from Xilong Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shantou, China). Sodium hydroxide was purchased from Guanghua Technology Co., Ltd. (Guangdong, China). Acetone and methanol were obtained from Kelong Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China). N, N’-Methylenebisacrylamide (MBAA) and sorbitan fatty acid ester (Span-80) were purchased from Macklin Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All the chemicals were analytical grade without further purification throughout the study.
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