Mice were euthanized with carbon dioxide and disinfected by immersion in 75% ethanol. The head was then removed, and the brain tissue was excised. Next, under a stereo dissection microscope, the osseous structure of the cochlea was acquired and the CBM quickly dissected. We separated the lateral wall of the stria vascularis and removed the tectorial membrane in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY, USA). Finally, the CBM was transferred into Dulbecco’s modified Eagles medium (DMEM)/F12 medium (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) containing 10% bovine serum albumin (Sigma-Aldrich) and placed on the bottom of a culture dish for 24 h in a humidified incubator at 37 °C in 5% CO2 and 95% air. After 24 h, fresh DMEM/F12 medium was added with different concentrations of d -gal (Sigma-Aldrich) and the culture continued for another 48 h. The cultured CBMs were divided into four groups of 6 males, depending on the concentration of d -gal-control group: DMEM/F12 medium with 0 mg/mL d -gal; low-dose d -gal (L-d -gal) group: DMEM/F12 medium with 20 mg/mL d -gal; middle-dose d -gal (M-d -gal) group: DMEM/F12 medium with 40 mg/mL d -gal; and high-dose d -gal (H-d -gal) group: DMEM/F12 medium with 60 mg/mL d -gal.
D gal
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, China, Sao Tome and Principe
D-gal is a laboratory reagent used in various biochemical and analytical applications. It functions as a substrate or component in assays, enzymatic reactions, and other laboratory procedures. The core purpose of D-gal is to facilitate specific chemical or biological processes within a controlled laboratory environment.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Lipopolysaccharides (lps), by Merck Group (13 mentions)
D glc, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Bcl2 associated x (bax), by Cell Signaling Technology (5 mentions)
Bcl 2, by Cell Signaling Technology (5 mentions)
D xyl, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
L ara, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
L fuc, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
L rha, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Alcl3, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Gapdh, by Cell Signaling Technology (4 mentions)
D gala, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
D glca, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Gapdh, by Proteintech (3 mentions)
Foetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Malonaldehyde mda and superoxide dismutase sod assay kit, by Nanjing Jiancheng (2 mentions)
Antibody to β actin, by Proteintech (2 mentions)
Second antibody conjugated hrp goat anti mouse and goat anti rabbit, by Proteintech (2 mentions)
Alkaline phosphatase alp staining kit, by Solarbio (2 mentions)
115 protocols using d gal
1
D-Galactose Exposure on Cochlear Tissue
2
D-Galactose-Induced Aging Model with DPSC Treatment
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Rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, D-galactose (D-gal)-treated, and D-gal + DPSCs-treated ( n = 10 in each group). G Power software was used to determine the sample size. Rats (aged 9 weeks) in the D-gal- and D-gal + DPSCs-treated groups were given intraperitoneal injections of D-gal (300 mg/kg, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) daily for 8 weeks. Rats in the D-gal + DPSCs group received intravenous administration into the tail vein of 1 × 106 DPSCs labelled with the membrane-bound fluorescent marker PKH26 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) once every two weeks (El-Akabawy et al., 2022 (link)).
3
d-Galactose Induced Aging in Rats
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The rats were randomly assigned to three groups: control, d-galactose (d-gal)-treated, and d-gal + BMMSCs-treated (n = 10 in each group). The sample size was calculated using the G Power software. Rats in the d-gal-and d-gal + BMMSCs-treated groups received a subcutaneous injection of d-gal (300 mg/ /kg, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) every day for 8 weeks. Rats in the d-gal + BMMSCs group were intravenously administered 1 × 10 6 BMMSCs labelled with the membrane-bound fluorescent marker PKH26 (Sigma-Aldrich) once every 2 weeks.
4
D-galactose-Induced Mesenchymal Stem Cell Aging
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MSCs were divided into the following four groups. (1) Control group: MSCs were cultured for 48 h in DMEM containing 10% FBS. (2) D-gal treatment group: MSCs were incubated for 48 h in DMEM containing 10% FBS in the presence of 1, 10, or 100 g/L D-gal (Sigma, USA), respectively. (3) CoQ10 treatment group: CoQ10 (Sigma, USA) was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, Sigma, USA) as a stock solution at concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 mmol/L, respectively, immediately before use, which was diluted further 1000-fold in DMEM containing 10% FBS. The cells were incubated in the culture medium containing 1, 10, or 100 μmol/L CoQ10 and 10 g/L D-gal for 48 h. The same volume of DMSO (0.1% v/v) was added to D-gal control group that contained only 10 g/L D-gal. (4) CA-Akt group: the cells were first transfected with CA-Akt plasmid for 12 h; then 10 g/L D-gal and 10 μmol/L CoQ10 were added to the culture medium and cells were incubated further for 48 h.
5
D-galactose-induced Aging Model and Chrysin
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The animals in the vehicle group received 1 mL/kg/day of propylene glycol (Ajax Finechem Pty Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand) by oral gavage and 1 mL/kg/day of 0.9% normal saline solution by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. The animals in the D-gal group were given 50 mg/kg/day of D-gal (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) dissolved in 0.9% normal saline solution by i.p. injection. The animals in the chrysin 10 and 30 groups were administered with chrysin, which is 97% purity determined by HPLC analysis, and purchased from Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, at 10 or 30 mg/kg/day dissolved in propylene glycol by oral gavage. The animals in the D-gal + chrysin 10 and D-gal + chrysin 30 groups received D-gal at a similar dose to the D-gal group and chrysin at equivocal doses as the chrysin 10 and 30 groups, respectively. All drugs were administered for 8 weeks. The animals were intraperitoneally injected with BrdU (100 mg/kg/day, Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) dissolved in 0.9% normal saline solution at the first, second, and third day of drug administration.
6
Monocyte-Macrophage Inflammatory Response
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Mouse monocyte-macrophage cells (J774A.1) were obtained from the Shanghai Institute of Cell Biology at Chinese Academy of Sciences. The cells were cultured and maintained in Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI-1640) supplemented with streptomycin (100 mg/mL), penicillin (100 U/mL), and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) in a 5% CO2 incubator at a temperature of 37°C. Then, J774A.1 cells were divided into the following groups: (1) Control group: macrophages were cultured for 24 h in RPMI-1640 containing 10% FBS. (2) D-gal treatment groups: J774A.1 cells were incubated for 24 h in RPMI-1640 containing 10% FBS in the presence of 0.1, 1, or 10 g/L D-gal (Sigma, USA), respectively. (3) BB-12 treatment groups: briefly, J774A.1 cells were treated with the BB-12 supernatant (100 μg/mL) in RPMI-1640 containing 10% FBS for 30 min,1 h, or 6 h, then culture medium were changed, and the cells were further cultured in RPMI-1640 containing 10% FBS in the presence 10 g/L D-gal for 24 h.
7
D-galactose-Induced Aging Model: CA Intervention
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Saline solution (0.9%), 1 mL/kg and propylene glycol 1 mL/kg were administered to the control group by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection and by oral gavage, respectively. For the D-gal group, rats were administered D-gal (50 mg/kg, Sigma Aldrich, Inc., St. Louis, MO, USA) melted in 0.9% saline solution by i.p. injection. Rats in the CA20 and CA40 groups were orally treated with CA (Sigma Al-drich, Inc., St. Louis, USA) at 20 and 40 mg/kg melted in propylene glycol, respectively. In the D-gal + CA20 and D-gal + CA40 groups, rats were administered with D-gal at the same dose as the D-gal group and CA at the same dose as the CA20 and CA40 groups. Each rat received drug administration for 8 weeks. On the first day of the treatment, each rat was administered with BrdU (Sigma Aldrich, Inc., St. Louis, MI, USA) melted in 0.9% saline solution at 250 mg/kg, with 1 mL/kg by i.p. injection.
8
D-galactose Feeding Regimens
9
D-galactose Feeding Regimens
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D-gal (Sigma-Aldrich) was added to culture media at concentrations 0, 0.75, 2.0, or 5 mM. The duration of D-gal feeding was one, four, five or seven days. Culture media was refreshed every two days. For LLO, and PLO measurements 10mM D-gal was added to a serum deprived culture medium 1 hour prior to the labeling procedure (Supplementary files ).
10
D-galactose-Induced Aging Brain Model
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After 14 days of acclimatization, the animals were randomly divided into five groups, and the treatment regimen was performed for 6 weeks as follows:
Control group (n = 10): Mice were subcutaneously administrated with 0.9% normal saline solution followed by daily intragastric administration of distilled water.
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