E faecium

Manufactured by American Type Culture Collection

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E. faecium is a type of laboratory bacterial culture maintained by the American Type Culture Collection. It serves as a reference strain for microbiological and molecular biology research applications.

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E. faecium NCTC 7171 (4 citations) E. faecium ATCC 700221 (3 citations) E. faecium ATCC 19434 (2 citations)

12 protocols using e faecium

Antimicrobial Resistance Profiling

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The strains used were Mycobacterium smegmatis (ATCC 607) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis H₃₇Rv, H₃₇Rv INHr, H₃₇Rv RFPr, E. coli (ATCC 25019), S. aureus (ATCC 6538D-5), E. faecium (ATCC 349), K. pneumonia (ATCC 8047), and P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853). These bacteria were obtained from ATCC except for Mycobacterium tuberculosis H₃₇Rv (BEI Resources, NIAID).

Siricilla S., Mitachi K., Wan B., Franzblau S.G, & Kurosu M. (2014). Discovery of a capuramycin analog that kills non-replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its synergistic effects with translocase I inhibitors. The Journal of antibiotics, 68(4), 271-278.

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Bacterial Strain Reference Panel

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Reference strains for the two groups included in this study; vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) strains and vancomycin-sensitive Enterococcus (VSE) strains, and the standard strain of Bacteroides fragilis were purchased from Pro-Lab (Neston, South Wirral, Cheshire, UK), NCIMB Limited or the National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC; Health Protection Agency, Porton Down, UK). These referenced bacterial strains were as follow: Bacteroides fragilis ATCC 25285, VSE strains (E. faecalis NCTC 77, E faecium NCIMB 2699) and VRE strains (E faecium ATCC 19434, E faecalis ATCC 29212, E faecalis ATCC 51299).

, & Ozbak H.A. (2018). A novel high-resolution melting analysis approach for rapid detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Annals of Saudi Medicine, 38(3), 200-207.

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Comprehensive Microbial Strain Collection for Research

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EIEC (NCCP 13719), S. pneumoniae (NCCP 14585), vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (NCCP 15872), and vancomycin-resistant E. faecium (NCCP 11522) were purchased from the National Culture Collection for Pathogens (NCCP; Cheongju, South Korea). P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), S. aureus (ATCC 29213), K. pneumoniae (ATCC 13883), A. baumannii (ATCC 19606), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), E. faecium (ATCC 19434), Streptomyces sindenensis (ATCC 12392), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 19433), E. coli (ATCC 25922), Enterobacter aerogenes (ATCC 13048), and MRSA (ATCC 33591) were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC; Gaithersburg, MD). CRPA, CRKP, and CRAB were clinically isolated in Korea University Hospital (Institutional Review Board, no. 2015AN0129). CRPA is resistant to piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftazidime, imipenem, meropenem, gentamicin, amikacin, and ciprofloxacin. CRAB is resistant to piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, cefepime, ceftazidime, imipenem, meropenem, gentamicin, amikacin, and ciprofloxacin. CRKP is resistant to piperacillin-tazobactam, cefepime, ceftazidime, imipenem, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin. GFP-expressing EIEC were transformed with AcGFP1-C1 plasmid. All strains were stored at –80°C in 50% (vol/vol) glycerol and 50% (vol/vol) Luria-Bertani (LB) or tryptic soy (TS) broth, grown on LB or TS plates, and aerated at 37°C.

Lee H.R., You D.G., Kim H.K., Sohn J.W., Kim M.J., Park J.K., Lee G.Y, & Yoo Y.D. (2020). Romo1-Derived Antimicrobial Peptide Is a New Antimicrobial Agent against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in a Murine Model of Sepsis. mBio, 11(2), e03258-19.

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Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiling

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Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined in duplicate by a standard double dilution method according to CSLI guidelines [52 ] using 96-well microtiter cell-culture plates, as previously described [49 (link)]. All reference strain bacteria, including S. aureus (ATCC 12600), E. faecium (ATCC 19434), E. faecalis (ATCC 51299), E. coli (ATCC 35218), K. pneumoniae (ATCC 49472), P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), and S. typhimurium (ATCC 14028), as well as S. aureus (ATCC BAA-2312) and antibiotic-resistant K. pneumoniae (ATCC BAA-2814), were obtained from the Microbiology Research Group at the Department of Life Sciences (DLS), Faculty of Science and Technology (FST), University of the West Indies. Control incubations were carried out in parallel with increasing concentrations of antibiotics (ampicillin for S. aureus, E. faecalis, and E. coli; vancomycin for S. aureus (ATCC BAA-2312); and ciprofloxacin for the sensitive K. pneumoniae strain, P. aeruginosa, and S. typhimurium), in order to monitor the validity and reproducibility of the assays. The published antibiotic sensitivity/resistance profiles for all bacterial strains were confirmed in the authors’ laboratory prior to setting up the MIC experiments.

Barran G., Kolodziejek J., Coquet L., Leprince J., Jouenne T., Nowotny N., Conlon J.M, & Mechkarska M. (2020). Peptidomic Analysis of Skin Secretions of the Caribbean Frogs Leptodactylus insularum and Leptodactylus nesiotus (Leptodactylidae) Identifies an Ocellatin with Broad Spectrum Antimicrobial Activity. Antibiotics, 9(10), 718.

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Bacterial Growth and Strain Cultivation

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Strains were routinely grown with Mueller−Hinton broth at 37 °C with shaking at 225 rpm. Bacterial strains were obtained through ATCC or BEI Resources or from academic laboratories. The strains used were the following: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, S. aureus NRS70, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 33186, E. faecium ATCC 19434, Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 700294, Streptococcus pneumoniae R6, Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15692, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603, Proteus mirabilis ATCC 25933, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ATCC 13637, Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 13047, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 14990, E. coli K-12, and E. coli JW5503 (ΔtolC). The M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain was grown in Middlebrook 7H9 broth supplemented with 10% albumin-dextrose complex, 0.05% (v/v) Tween 80 at pH 7.4, (7H9/ADG pH 7.4) with shaking at 225 rpm at 37 °C.

Dharuman S., Wilt L.A., Liu J., Reeve S.M., Thompson C.W., Elmore J.M., Shcherbakov D., Lee R.B., Böttger E.C, & Lee R.E. (2021). Synthesis, antibacterial action, and ribosome inhibition of deoxyspectinomycins. The Journal of Antibiotics, 74(6), 381-396.

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Diverse Bacterial Strains for Testing

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Bacterial cultures were either purchased from the ATCC via In Vitro Technologies (Melbourne, Australia) or obtained from Dr. Juliana Chiruta (QUT, Brisbane, Australia). Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (ATCC 33591 and clinical isolate QUT code 1113), MSSA (NCTC 6571), B. cereus (ATCC 14579), K. pneumoniae (ATCC 27736), E. coli (ATCC 25922), P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), B. subtilis (QUT code 0535), S. epidermidis (QUT code 0613), P. vulgaris (ATCC 6380), P. mirabilis (ATCC 7002), E. faecalis (QUT code 1105), E. faecium (QUT code 1101), multi-drug resistant A. baumannii (ATCC 19606), E. gallinarum (ATCC 49573), E. casseliflavus (ATCC 25788), E. aerogenes (ATCC 13048), E. cloacae (ATCC 13047), and S. saprophyticus (QUT code 0703) were used. Individual strains were streaked onto nutrient agar plates and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h, excluding B. subtilis, which was incubated at 28 °C for 24 h. Culture plates were stored at 2–8 °C until required.

Perera M.M., Dighe S.N., Katavic P.L, & Collet T.A. (2022). Antibacterial Potential of Extracts and Phytoconstituents Isolated from Syncarpia hillii Leaves In Vitro. Plants, 11(3), 283.

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Antimicrobial Resistance Profiling

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Growth Conditions for Diverse Bacterial Strains

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Strains were routinely grown with Mueller–Hinton broth at 37°C with shaking at 225 rpm. Bacterial strains were obtained through ATCC or BEI Resources or from academic laboratories. The strains used were the following: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, S. aureus NRS70, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 33186, E. faecium ATCC 19434, Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 700294, Streptococcus pneumoniae R6, Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15692, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603, Proteus mirabilis ATCC 25933, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ATCC 13637, Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 13047, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 14990, E. coli K12, and E. coli JW5503 (ΔtolC). The M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain was grown in Middlebrook 7H9 broth supplemented with 10% albumin-dextrose complex, 0.05% (v/v) Tween 80 at pH 7.4, (7H9/ADG pH 7.4) with shaking at 225 rpm at 37 °C.

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Enterococcus and Related Bacterial Strains for Research

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Enterococcus strains E. faecalis (ATCC 29 212), E. faecium (ATCC 19 434), E. hirae (ATCC 8043), E. gallinarum (ATCC 49 573), E. avium (ATCC 14 025), E. durans (ATCC 19 432), E. cecorum (ATCC 43 198), E. columbae (ATCC 51 263), E. mundtii (ATCC 43 186), E. saccharolyticus (ATCC 43 076), E. casseliflavus (ATCC 25 788) and E. sulfureus (ATCC 49 903), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25 922), Staphylococcus strains S. aureus (ATCC 25 923), S. cohnii (ATCC 35 662), S. xylosus (ATCC 29 971), S. lentus (ATCC 49 574), S. hominis (field isolate) and S. epidermidis (field isolate), Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (field isolate), Pasteurella multocida (field isolate), Mycoplasma gallisepticum (ATCC 19 610), Mycoplasma synoviae (ATCC 25 204), Bacillus cereus (ATCC 14 579), Campylobacter coli (ATCC 33 559), Clostridium perfringens (ATCC 13 124), Campylobacter jejuni (ATCC 33 560), Salmonella enteritidis (ATCC 31 194), chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV, field isolate), reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV, field isolate) and Marek's disease virus (MDV, ATCC VR-624) were from the American Type Culture Collection, and were used as reference strains in the current study.

Song H., Bae Y., Kwon H., Kwon Y, & Joh S. (2019). Loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays for Enterococcussp., Escherichiacoli and Staphylococcusaureus in chicken. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 366(5), fnz042.

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Bacterial Isolates and Reagents

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Relevant information pertaining to all bacterial isolates used in this study are presented in Supplementary Table 1. Clinical isolates of S. aureus and S. epidermidis were obtained through the Network of Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus (NARSA) program. Isolates of S. pneumoniae, E. faecium, A. baumannii, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, and P. aeruginosa were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). E. coli strains BW25113 and JW25113 were obtained from The Coli Genetic Stock Center (CGSC), Yale University. Antibiotics were purchased commercially and dissolved in DMSO (for linezolid), ethanol (for erythromycin), or sterile deionized water (for colistin and vancomycin). Stock 10 mM solutions were prepared for all antibiotics. Brain heart infusion broth (BHI), Tryptic soy broth (TSB), Tryptic soy agar (TSA), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), Dulbeco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), and 96-well plates were all purchased from commercial vendors.

Kyei-Baffour K., Mohammad H., Seleem M.N, & Dai M. (2019). Second-generation aryl isonitrile compounds targeting multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 27(9), 1845-1854.

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