The dynamic adsorption of the proteins at the oil–water interface was investigated with a DSA100 Analyzer (Krüss, Hamburg, Germany) using the pendant drop method. In the process of measuring the dynamic surface pressure (π), a drop of 8 μL was automatically created by a software-controlled automatic dosing system after a 5 s stabilization. Droplet images were continuously viewed and captured using a video image acquisition system with a CCD camera, and then analyzed according to the Young–Laplace formula. The Ward–Tordai diffusion model was adopted to analyze the diffusion kinetics of proteins at the interface [23 (link)]:
where is the concentration of the initial protein solution, is the Boltzmann constant, is the absolute temperature, and is the diffusion coefficient.
The surface dilatational properties were measured on a DSA100 Analyzer (Krüss, Hamburg, Germany) using the EDM/ODM module. The amplitude and frequency were maintained at 0.2 and 0.1 Hz, respectively. The surface dilatational modulus, E, was acquired through analyzing the surface area change [24 (link)].
where is the concentration of the initial protein solution, is the Boltzmann constant, is the absolute temperature, and is the diffusion coefficient.
The surface dilatational properties were measured on a DSA100 Analyzer (Krüss, Hamburg, Germany) using the EDM/ODM module. The amplitude and frequency were maintained at 0.2 and 0.1 Hz, respectively. The surface dilatational modulus, E, was acquired through analyzing the surface area change [24 (link)].