Anti il 1β antibody af 401 na

Sinapic acid (SA, 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid), LPS, and ATP were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Nigericin was purchased from Tocris (Bristol, UK). Poly (dA:dT) and Salmonellatyphimurium flagellin were purchased from InvivoGen (San Diego, CA, USA). Anti-IL-1β antibody (AF-401-NA) was purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA). The anti-caspase-1 (AG-20B-0042), anti-NLRP3 (AG-20B-0014), and anti-ASC (AG-25B-0006) antibodies were purchased from AdipoGen Life Science (San Diego, CA, USA). Anti-IL-6 (12912), anti-phospho-STAT3 (9145), anti-phospho-IκBα (9246), anti-phospho-JNK (4668), and anti-phospho-ERK (9106) antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). The anti-β-actin antibody (sc-47778) was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA). All culture reagents were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA).