Metal halide lamp

Solanum lycopersicum var. Lyterno (Rijk Zwaan Welver GmbH, Germany) and S. pennellii LA0716 (Tomato Genetics Resource Center, UC Davis, CA, US) were used to compare the effects of abiotic stress.
In brief, plants were grown from seeds in environmental chambers (Hühren Kälte-Klima-Elektrotechnik, Erkelenz, Germany), equipped with metal halide lamps (Philips, Hamburg, Germany), following the protocol described in Junker-Frohn et al. (2019 (link)), under controlled conditions of $22/18{}^{\circ }\text{C}$ during day and night, a relative humidity of 50% and $200\mathrm{\mu }\text{mol}{\text{m}}^{-2}{\text{s}}^{-1}$ photons light intensity for 10 h per day.
Plants were sown in rock wool plugs ( $2\times 2\times 4$  cm; Grodan, Roermond, The Netherlands), that were four times prewashed with deionized water. Seeds were placed around 0.5 cm below the surface of the rock wool plugs. A total number of 150 seeds per species were seeded. The plugs were watered with water for 16 days. 84 seedlings per species, which already developed the first true leaf, were then transferred to rock wool blocks ( $7.5\times 7.5\times 6.5$  cm) (Grodan, Roermond, The Netherlands), that were three times prewashed with deionized water. Afterwards, the seedlings were fertilized with half-strength Hoagland solution for 14 days, followed by full-strength Hoagland solution [ $5\text{mM}{\text{KNO}}_3$ , 5 mM Ca( ${\text{NO}}_3{)}_2$ , 2 mM ${\text{MgSO}}_4$ , $1\text{mM}{\text{KH}}_2{\text{PO}}_4$ , $90\mathrm{\mu }\text{M}$ FeEDTA, plus micronutrients] for further 11 days.

Colonies of P. damicornis were collected by SCUBA diving at water depths of 3–5 m from two fringing reefs, Luhuitou (LHT; 18°12′7′′N, 109°28′5′′E) and Houhai (HH; 18°16′40′′N, 109°44′3′′E), located at the southern tip of Hainan Island in the South China Sea (Supplementary Fig. S1, Tables S1 and S2). Colony replicates were generally separated by 2–3 m across each reef. The collected corals were transferred to the indoor husbandry facility at the Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, China, and cultivated in an aquarium with 1000 L of recirculated artificial seawater (ASW) at a temperature of 26°C and photosynthetically active radiation of 150 μmol photons/m²/s provided by metal halide lamps (Phillips, Amsterdam, Netherlands) over a 12-h/12-h light/dark cycle. To minimize perturbations from environmental sampling, the coral colonies were grown in the aquarium for 6 months, followed by fragmentation and further acclimation for two more months prior to the experimental manipulation. No changes in dominant symbiont genotype were found during the coral maintenance [10 (link)].

Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum cv. Mazurka (Rijk Zwaan Welver GmbH, Germany) and Capsicum chinense Jacq. cv. CAP 1035 (Genetics Resource Center IPK Gatersleben, Germany) were grown from seeds in environmental chambers (Hühren Kälte-Klima-Elektrotechnik, Erkelenz, Germany), equipped with metal halide lamps (Philips, Hamburg, Germany), following the protocol described elsewhere [52 (link)], under controlled conditions of 24/18 ℃ during day and night, a relative humidity of 55% and 300 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹ photons light intensity for 10 h per day.
In brief, plants were sowed in rock wool plugs (2 × 2 × 4 cm; Grodan, Roermond, The Netherlands), that were four times prewashed with deionized water. Seeds were placed around 0.5 cm below the surface of the rock wool plugs. The plugs were watered with 1/4 Hoagland solution for 14 days, followed by half-strength Hoagland solution for 14 days. A total of 54 seedlings per species, which had already developed the first real leaf, were transferred to rock wool blocks (7.5 × 7.5 × 6.5 cm) (Grodan, Roermond, The Netherlands), that were 3 times prewashed with deionized water. Afterwards, the seedlings were fertilized with full-strength Hoagland solution (5 mM KNO₃, 5 mM Ca(NO₃)₂, 2 mM MgSO₄, 1 mM KH₂PO₄, 90 µM FeEDTA, plus micronutrients).