Antibodies against caspase 3

AT-I and AG490 were purchased from Selleck (Houston, TX, USA). Stock solutions of AT-I (100 mM) and AG490 (10 mM) were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Antibodies against HK2, PKM2, PFK, JAK2, phospho-JAK2, STAT3, and phospho-STAT3 were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). Antibodies against caspase-3, PARP, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP, Bcl-2, Bax, and β-actin were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK).

The ZEA (purity > 99%, Z2125), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and LPS (Escherichia coli 0111: B4) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). ZEA was dissolved in DMSO and stored at −20 °C. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was purchased from Gibco (Gaithersburg, MD, USA) and high-glucose DMEM was purchased from HyClone (Logan, UT, USA). Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was purchased from Dojindo Laboratories (Kumamoto, Japan). Kits for measuring ROS and for apoptosis detection were purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). The kit for detecting lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, the malondialdehyde (MDA) assay kit, superoxide dismutase (SOD) assay kit, and reduced glutathione (GSH) assay kit were purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China). For Western blotting analysis, RIPA buffer (high) for total protein extraction was purchased from Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China), while those for GRP78, CHOP, Bax, and Bcl-2 were purchased from Proteintech (Wuhan, China) and antibodies against caspase-3 was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). Antibodies against ATF4 and ATF6 were purchased from Bioss (Beijing, China). Antibodies against β-actin was purchased from Affinity Biosciences (Cincinnati, OH, USA).