Tecnai g2 f20 s twin high resolution tem

The morphologies of the nanocomposites were observed with a HITACHI H-7650B transmission electron microscope (TEM) at 100 kV and a FEI Tecnai G2 F20 S-Twin high-resolution TEM at 200 kV. The nanocomposite suspension was dropped on the surface of copper grid with carbon film and dried at room temperature. The fluorescence spectra of the nanocomposites were recorded using a HITACHI F-4500 fluorescence spectrophotometer with an excitation wavelength of 405 and 488 nm for the fluoridated Eu³⁺-HAP/IOs PLGA nanocomposites and fluoridated Tb³⁺-HAP/IOs PLGA nanocomposites, respectively. The magnetic properties of the fluoridated Ln³⁺-HAP/IOs PLGA nanocomposites were determined with a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) at room temperature. Dried nanocomposites of known mass were placed in non-magnetic aluminum sheet and then subjected to varied magnetic fields that ranged from −2×10⁴ to 2×10⁴ Oe.

The morphology and size of the samles were characterized by a HITACHI H-7700 TEM with an accelerating voltage of 100 kV, and a FEI Tecnai G2 F20 S-Twin high-resolution TEM equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) analyses at 200 KV. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) was performed on a LEO 1530. The crystal structure was determined by XRD on a Rigaku D/max-2400 X-ray diffractometer using CuK radiation (λ = 1.5418 Å) at 40 kV voltage and a 40 mA current ranging from 10° to 80°. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) experiments were carried out on scanning X-ray microprobe (Quantera SXM, ULVAC-PHI. INC) operated at 250 kV, 55 eV with monochromated Al Kα radiation. The UV–vis absorption spectrum were obtained using a Shimadzu UV-3600 spectrometer. The thermal stability of sample was measured with a TA-Q50 thermal gravity analysis (TGA) under air atmosphere. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements were performed by TA-Q2000 at a scanning rate of 10 °C/min. To measure the photothermal conversion performance of the samples, an 808 nm NIR laser with an external adjustable power (1 W/cm²) and a 5 mm diameter laser module was used to excite the samples through a quartz cuvette containing a dispersion (1 ml) of the samples. And the temperature was recorded by an online-type thermocouple thermometer with an accuracy of ± 0.1 °C.