Six formulations were used in this study (A-F). Formula A was Garglin RegularⓇ (Dong-A Pharmaceutical Co. Seoul, South Korea). Formula B was Garglin MintⓇ (Dong-A Pharmaceutical Co.). Formula A contained CPC and NaF, whereas formula B contained NaF alone. Formulas C and D were purchased from a market in Seoul, South Korea. Formula C consisted of EO and ethanol, and formula D consisted of IPMP and NaF. Formulas E and F contained 10% and 20% ethanol, respectively— a common antimicrobial agent present in mouthwashes (55) . Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; HyClone Laboratories, Inc, South Logan, UT, USA) was used as a negative control. The components of the six solutions tested are presented in Table 2 .
Phosphate buffered saline pbs
Manufactured by Cytiva
Sourced in United States
Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) is a commonly used buffer solution for maintaining the physiological pH and osmolarity of biological samples. It is a balanced salt solution composed of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium phosphate, and potassium phosphate. The primary function of PBS is to provide a stable and isotonic environment for cells, tissues, and biomolecules in various laboratory applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Rpmi 1640, by Cytiva (3 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Cytiva (2 mentions)
Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Avantor (1 mentions)
Bradford assay, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Acetic acid sodium salt, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Cell counting kit 8 cck 8 kit, by Beyotime (1 mentions)
Hematoxylin and eosin h e, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Prussian blue, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cisplatin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Foetal bovine serum (fbs), by Cytiva (1 mentions)
Camptothecin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Penicillin and streptomycin, by Cytiva (1 mentions)
Ab2949, by Abcam (1 mentions)
Ab25901, by Abcam (1 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Propidium iodide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Trypsin edta, by Cytiva (1 mentions)
Dulbecco modified eagle medium (dmem), by Cytiva (1 mentions)
Rnase 1, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
14 protocols using phosphate buffered saline pbs
1
Evaluation of Mouthwash Formulations
2
Cell Cycle Analysis of Quercetin and Kaempferol
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
CCA cells were treated with quercetin or kaempferol as specified concentrations for 48 h. Following the treatment, cell-cycle analysis was conducted by employing propidium iodide (PI) staining to assess DNA content. Briefly, the cells were fixed with 70% ethanol and subsequently washed with Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS; HyClone Laboratories, Logan, UT, USA). The cells were then resuspended in PBS containing 0.25% Triton X, along with RNase A (100 μg/mL) and PI (50 μg/mL) and incubated for 30 min. Finally, the stained cells were analyzed using flow cytometry for further examination. Data analysis was then performed using the FlowJo™ version 10 software (Becton Dickinson and Company (BD) Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA).
3
Microfluidic Shear Stress Simulation for Breast Cancer Cells
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
A microfluidic system was constructed using a peristaltic pump (Harvard Peristaltic Pump P-230, Holliston, MA; Ismatec Gear Pump BVP-Z) and micro silicone tubing. This system can generate a pulsatile flow that can simulate hemodynamic shear stress. To treat cells attached to solid substrates, breast cancer cells were cultured on collagen-coated flow chamber chips (μ-Slide I0.6, ibidi, Fitchburg, WI), and subjected to various levels of fluid shear stress. According to the manufacturer's instruction, wall shear stress was calculated by τ=60.1×μQ, where Q is the flow rate and μ is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid (0.01 dyne·s/cm2 for cell culture medium). When tumor cells were in suspension, wall shear stress τ (dyne/cm2) in the tubing was calculated by τ=4μQ/(πR3) according to Poiseuille's law, where R is the tubing radius (R=0.255 mm). The whole system was sterilized by 75% ethanol before experiments, then rinsed with 4 ml phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; HyClone Laboratories) and 4 ml 1% bovine serum albumin (VWR Life Science, Radnor, PA). Cell suspension solution (2×105 cells/ml) was added into the circulatory system and subjected to various magnitudes of shear stress for different durations (0–20 dyne/cm2; 0–12 h) in 5% CO2 at 37°C.
4
Multifunctional Nanoparticle Theranostics
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Sodium alginate (Na-Alg), chitosan (CS, degree of deacetylation ≥ 95%), anhydrous calcium chloride (CaCl2), doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX•HCl), dimethyl sulfoxide
indocyanine green (ICG), 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) and 2',7'dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) were purchased from Aladdin (Shanghai, China). Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs; 50-500 nm) were purchased from Chemkey (Shanghai, China). Fe3O4 nanoparticles (20 nm) were from Macklin (Shanghai, China). Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin-streptomycin, trypsin (0.25% Trypsin EDTA) and phosphatebuffered saline (PBS) were acquired from Hyclone Laboratories (Logan, UT, USA).
Calcein acetoxymethyl ester (calcein-AM) / propidium iodide (PI) Double Stain Kit was purchased from Yessen (Shanghai, China). Mouse fibroblast (L929) cells and liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2) cells were from BioCambridge (Nanjing, China).
indocyanine green (ICG), 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) and 2',7'dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) were purchased from Aladdin (Shanghai, China). Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs; 50-500 nm) were purchased from Chemkey (Shanghai, China). Fe3O4 nanoparticles (20 nm) were from Macklin (Shanghai, China). Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin-streptomycin, trypsin (0.25% Trypsin EDTA) and phosphatebuffered saline (PBS) were acquired from Hyclone Laboratories (Logan, UT, USA).
Calcein acetoxymethyl ester (calcein-AM) / propidium iodide (PI) Double Stain Kit was purchased from Yessen (Shanghai, China). Mouse fibroblast (L929) cells and liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2) cells were from BioCambridge (Nanjing, China).
5
Measuring Cellular Lipid Synthesis Using Radiolabeled Acetate
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Cells were plated out at a density of 5 × 104 cells/well in 24-well plates. Following overnight cell adherence, the medium was replaced by DMEM supplemented with 1% lipoprotein-deficient FBS (Sigma-Aldrich) along with the corresponding concentrations of compounds or DMSO. Treatments were maintained for 48 h, and for the last 6 h (1,2-14C) Acetic Acid Sodium salt (53.9 mCi/mmol, Perkin Elmer Biosciences, Waltham, MA, USA) was added to the medium (0.5 μCi/mL). The lipid extraction was done as previously described in [16 (link)]. Briefly, cells were harvested and washed twice with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, HyClone Laboratories, Logan, UT, USA) and once with MeOH/PBS (2:3). Cells were then resuspended in 0.2 M NaCl and were lysed with freeze-thaw cycles. Lipids from cell debris were extracted with CHCl3/phenol (2:1) and 0.1 M KOH, and the organic phase was washed with CHCl3/MeOH/H2O (3:48:47). After solvents evaporation, pellets were resuspended in EtOH and transferred to a vial for radioactive counting. The total protein content in cell debris was quantified by the Bradford assay (Sigma-Aldrich).
6
Synthesis of Polymeric Nanoparticles for Targeted Drug Delivery
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
All chemicals for the synthesis of polymeric nanoparticles were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co (St Louis, MO, USA). DOX was obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc (Dallas, TX, USA). The cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) kit was purchased from Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). 3,3′-dioctadecyloxacarbocyanine perchlorate (DIO) and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) dye liquor, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and Prussian blue were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co. Fetal bovine serum (FBS), trypsin/EDTA, and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were obtained from Hyclone Laboratories, Logan, UT, USA. FA-deficient Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) was obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA. The primary antibodies of FR and α-actin were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). The secondary antibody was obtained from Odyssey (Lincoln, NE, USA). All chemical reagents used for the Western blotting analysis were obtained from Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology.
Methoxypolyethylene glycol (PEG) amine and hydrochloride (HCl) salt (molecular weight [MW] =5,000 Da) were purchased from JenKem Technology (Beijing, China). Double-distilled (DD) water (ultrapure water, 18.2 MΩ) was purified by using a Direct-Q®3 instrument (EMD Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA).
Methoxypolyethylene glycol (PEG) amine and hydrochloride (HCl) salt (molecular weight [MW] =5,000 Da) were purchased from JenKem Technology (Beijing, China). Double-distilled (DD) water (ultrapure water, 18.2 MΩ) was purified by using a Direct-Q®3 instrument (EMD Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA).
7
Evaluation of Nitro-Substituted Hydroxynaphthanilides
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
The tested nitro-substituted hydroxynaphthanilides 1 −6 were prepared and supplied by the Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic. The synthesis and structural characterization of these compounds have been described previously [3 (link),5 (link)]. Due to poor solubility in water, the compounds were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), while the stock solutions were prepared freshly before each experiment. The final concentration of DMSO in the assays never exceeded 0.1% (v/v). Cisplatin and camptothecin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. RPMI 1640 and DMEM culture media, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), foetal bovine serum (FBS) and antibiotics (penicillin and streptomycin) were obtained from HyClone Laboratories, Inc. (GE Healthcare, Logan, UT, USA). Mouse monoclonal antibodies against cyclin E1 (sc-247), caspase 3 (sc-7272) and caspase 9 (sc-17784) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Rabbit polyclonal antibodies against cyclin B1 (ab2949) and caspase 8 (ab-25901) were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). All other reagents, unless specified elsewhere, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
8
Cytotoxicity Evaluation of GT and FUM
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
GT (CAS Number 67-99-2; ≥ 98% purity) and FUM (CAS Number 23110-15-8; ≥ 90% purity) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich Chemical Company (St. Louis, MO, USA), DMEM, Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS), trypsin–EDTA, penicillin and streptomycin were obtained from Hyclone laboratories (South Logan, Utah). F etal bovine serum (FBS) was obtained from Gibco (UK). 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), AnnexinV, Propidium Iodide (PI) and RNase I were obtained from Sigma Aldrich Chemical Company (St. Louis, MO, USA). All other chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade.
9
Extraction and Preparation of BZD
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
BZD medical plants, obtained from the Third People’s Hospital, affiliated with Fujian University of TCM (Fuzhou, China), were crushed and passed through a 20–40 mesh sieve. To establish the correct BZD ratio (Supplementary Table S1 ), we filtered 105 g of herbal powder using 840 ml of 67% ethanol and extracted by reflux. The filtrate was evaporated using a rotary evaporator (RE-2000; Shanghai Yarong Biochemistry Instrument Factory, Shanghai, China) and then dried to a constant weight in a vacuum drying oven (DZF-300; Shanghai Yiheng Scientific Instrument Co., Shanghai, China). BZD was dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, HyClone Laboratories, Inc., Logan, UT, United States) to a stock concentration of 40 mg/ml and stored at −80°C. The working concentration of BZD was prepared by diluting the stock solution in PBS, filtering through a 0.22 µm filter, and storing at 4°C.
10
Endotoxin-free Dendritic Cell Protocol
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Endotoxin-free reagents and plastic materials were used in all experiments. RPMI-1640 and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and fetal bovine serum (FBS)were purchased from HyClone Laboratories (Logan, UT, USA). Recombinant human interleukin-4 (IL-4), recombinant human granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), MCP-1-neutralizing antibody, M-CSF-neutralizing antibody and their isotype-matched control antibodies were purchased from R&D Systems. (Minneapolis, MN, USA). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Antibodies specific for CD14, CD80, CD86, human leucocyte antigen DR (HLA-DR), CD1a, DC-SIGN, CCR7 and their isotype-control antibodies were purchased from BD-Pharmingen(San Diego, CA, USA). The sources of other reagents is indicated in the text.
About PubCompare
Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.
We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.
However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.
Ready to get started?
Sign up for free.
Registration takes 20 seconds.
Available from any computer
No download required
Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!