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7 protocols using novozym 435

1

Enzyme-Catalyzed Esterification of Kojic Acid

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Novozym 435, Candida Antarctica lipase B immobilised on a macroporous acrylic resin (10,000 propyl laurate units per gram), was purchased from Novo Nordisk A/S (Denmark). Kojic acid, (purity 98%) was kindly donated by Tokyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd. (Japan). Oleic acid (purity 99%) was obtained for Southern Edible Oil Sdn. Bhd., Selangor, Malaysia. Glycerol tributyrate used as internal standard in gas chromatography analysis was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). All other chemicals used in this study were of analytical reagent grade.
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2

Enzymatic Deglycosylation of Rutin

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Isoquercitrin (purity 96%) was prepared by enzymatic deglycosylation of rutin using our procedure [12 (link),33 (link)]. Lipase B from Candida antarctica immobilized on acrylic resin (Novozym 435) was purchased from Novo-Nordisk (Copenhagen, Denmark). Folin–Ciocalteau reagent was purchased from Merck (Prague, Czech Republic). In addition, DPPH radical, antioxidant assay kit (CS0790); pooled microsomes from male rat liver (M9066); Trolox and other chemicals were obtained from Sigma–Aldrich (Prague, Czech Republic).
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3

Enzymatic Synthesis of Isoquercitrin from Rutin

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Isoquercitrin (purity 96%) was prepared by enzymatic deglycosylation of rutin using our procedure [8 (link),9 (link)]. Lipase B from Candida antarctica immobilized on acrylic resin (Novozym 435) was purchased from Novo-Nordisk (Copenhagen, Denmark). Folin-Ciocalteau reagent was purchased from Merck (Prague, Czech Republic). Benzoic (12), phenylacetic (13), phenylpropanoic (14), cinnamic (15), 4-hydroxyBenzoic (16), vanillic (17), gallic (18), p-coumaric (19), caffeic (20) and ferulic (21) acids, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, antioxidant assay kit (CS0790); pooled microsomes from male rat liver (M9066); trolox and other chemicals were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Prague, Czech Republic). Vinyl esters (12, 15) [22 (link)], (13, 14) [23 (link)], and benzylated acids 16 [25 (link)], 17 [26 (link)], 18 [27 (link)], 19, 20 [28 (link)], and 21 [29 (link)] were prepared as described previously.
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4

Enzymatic Modification of Algal Oil Lipids

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Lipase UM1 was obtained from Guangdong Youmei Institute of Intelligent Bio-manufacturing Co., Ltd. (Foshan, China) . Novozym 435 (Lipase B from Candida antarctica, immobilized on macroporous acrylic resin) , Lipozyme TL IM (Lipase from Thermoanaerobacter ligninum, immobilized on silica gel) , Lipozyme RM IM (lipase from Rhizopus oryzae, immobilized on macroporous anion-exchange resin) were purchased from Novo Nordisk (Bagsvaerd, Denmark) . Standards of triacylglycerol (TAG) , diacylglycerol (DAG) ( 15% of 1,2-diacylglycerol, 85% of 1,3-diacylglycerol, w/v) , 1 (3) -monoacylglycerol (MAG) , Eicosapentaenoic acid ( E PA ) ethyl ester, DHA ethyl ester, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) ethyl ester, and 37 fatty acid methyl esters (C4-C24) for analysis were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China) . All other chemicals were of chromatographic and analytical grades. Thin layer chromatographic plate was purchased from Qingdao Haiyang Chemical Co., Ltd. (Qingdao, China) . DHA-rich refined algal oil from Schizochytrium sp. was donated by Carbisol Biotech Co Ltd (Wuhan, China) and stored in sealed aluminium cans at -20℃ before use.
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5

Enzymatic hydrolysis of lipids

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Porcine pancreas lipase (PPL), Amano Lipase PS from Burkholderia cepacia (BCL) and Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) were purchased from Sigma. Lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus immobilized on particle silica gel (TLIM), lipase from Rhizomucor miehei immobilized on anion exchange resin (RMIM), lipase B from Candida antarctica immobilized on a macroporous acrylic resin (Novozym 435) and papain were purchased from Novo Nordisk. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was purchased from Shanghai Huixing. Other reagents were commercially available and were used without further purification.
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6

Enzymatic Esterification of Vinyl Stearate

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The immobilized enzyme of Novozym 435 (10,000 PLU/g), RMIM (275 IUN/g), TLIM (250 IUN/g), PSIM (500 U/g), and RM (275 IUN/g) were obtained from Novo Nordisk, Denmark. The immobilized enzyme of AY “Amano” 30SD and DF “Amano” 15 were acquired from Amano Enzyme (Jiangsu) Co., Ltd., (Shanghai, China). EGCG (purity 98%) was obtained from Gosun Biotechnologies Co., Ltd. (Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China). Vinyl stearate (purity 99%), methanol, acetone and other analytical reagents were obtained from Sinopharm Group Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
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7

Lipase B-Catalyzed Esterification Reactions

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Novozym 435, which is a commercial form of Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) immobilized on acrylic resin, was kindly provided by Novo Nordisk A/S (Brazil). Ethyl decanoate and ethyl palmitate were purchased from SAFC. Tripalmitin and silylation reagents were obtained from Fluka. Monoolein, monocaprin, dipalmitin, glyceryl tridecanoate, glyceryl trioleate and glyceryl trioctanoate were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich. Absolute ethanol was provided by Dorwil, and pyridine was purchased from Anedra S.A. All products used were of analytical grade.
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