The activating reagents for amide bond formation, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC), and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) were supplied by Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and 2,2′-azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) obtained from Showa Chemical (Tokyo, Japan) were recrystallized from n-hexane and methanol, respectively. Hyaluronic acid (HA) (average molecular weight = 1.3 × 106 Da) was purchased from Bloomage Freda Biopharm Co. (Jinan, China). Alcian blue, Safranin O, 2-morpholinoethane sulfonic acid (MES), 2-aminoethanethiol (AET), 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBSA), and Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium/nutrient mixture F-12 (DMEM-F12) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Fetal bovine serums (FBS) and Live/Dead cell viability/cytotoxicity kit were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). For methyl tetrazolium salt (MTS) assays, the CellTiter96 AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay kit was obtained from Promega (Madison, WI, USA).
2 morpholinoethanesulfonic acid
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany
2-Morpholinoethanesulfonic acid (MES) is a zwitterionic organic compound commonly used as a buffer in biological applications. It is soluble in water and maintains a stable pH range of 5.5-6.7. MES is widely utilized in various laboratory procedures to maintain a consistent and controlled pH environment for experiments and analyses.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
N hydroxysuccinimide, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Tyramine hydrochloride, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Trypsin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
1 ethyl 3 3 dimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide edc, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
N hydroxysuccinimide nhs, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Alcian blue, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Safranin o, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 4 6 trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid tnbsa, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dulbecco s modified eagle s medium nutrient mixture f 12 dmem f12, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Live dead cell viability cytotoxicity kit, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Celltiter 96 aqueous one solution cell proliferation assay kit, by Promega (1 mentions)
Hyaluronic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
3 4 dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Concentrated hydrochloric acid hcl, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Trizma base, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dopamine hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Chitosan, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
N 3 dimethylaminopropyl n ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
3 n morpholino propanesulfonic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
16 protocols using 2 morpholinoethanesulfonic acid
1
Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel for Cell Culture
2
Catechol-Modified Chitosan and Hyaluronic Acid
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Chitosan (100–200 mPa s, > 95% deacetylated), 3, 4-Dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid (DHPA, 98%), N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC, ≥ 98.0%), 2-Morpholinoethanesulfonic Acid (MES, 99%), Dopamine hydrochloride (DOPA), Trizma® base, N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS, 98%), hyaluronic acid (1.2 million Da), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4), concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. 1 mol/L HCl and 5 mol/L NaOH solutions were prepared. Aspirin derivatives were synthesized from methyl anthranil trisulfide and acetyl salicyl chloride (ACS14)43. The process of preparation of catechol-modified Chitosan and hyaluronic acid has been reported previously [26 ].
3
Purification and Preparation of Bile Acid Derivatives
4
Polyester Dendron Conjugation Protocol
5
Heparin-Conjugated Fibrinogen Preparation
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heparin-conjugated fibrinogen was prepared according to previous protocol18 (link). Briefly, total 100 mg of heparin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was dissolved in 100 mL buffer solution (pH 6.0) of 0.05 M 2-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid (Sigma-Aldrich). For activation of the carboxylic acid groups of the heparin, N-hydroxysuccinimide (0.04 mM; Sigma-Aldrich) and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride (0.08 mM; Sigma-Aldrich) were added and incubated at 4℃ for 12 hours. After that, this activated heparin solution was vigorously stirred, precipitated with excessive anhydrous acetone and lyophilized for 24 hours. Next, 100 mg of fibrinogen was dissolved in 20 mL phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) without bubbles at 4℃. This solution was reacted with 60 mg of lyophilized heparin for 3 hours at 4℃. After precipitation and lyophilization under the same conditions, white powder was prepared and dissolved in PBS. Dialysis was done with a porous membrane bag (12,000-14,000 Da molecular weight cutoff; Spectrum Lab, Rancho Dominguez, CA, USA) at 4℃ for 24 hours and resultant solution was lyophilized for 48 hours to yield heparin-conjugated fibrinogen. HCF was fabricated by mixing heparin-conjugated fibrinogen, normal fibrinogen, aprotinin, calcium chloride and thrombin.
6
Arabidopsis thaliana root growth kinetics
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The Columbia-0 (Col-0) ecotype of Arabidopsis thaliana and the following transferred DNA insertion and transgenic lines were used in this study: ccs52a2-1 (SALK_001978) (8 (link)), ERF115OX (23 (link)), ERF115SRDX (23 (link)), erf115 (23 (link)), pin3 pin4 pin7 (17 (link)), rlp44cnu2 (22 (link)), the1-1 (33 (link)), pCCS52A2::CCS52A2-GFP (14 (link)), H2B-YFP (34 (link)), and LTI6A-GFP (35 (link)). The higher-order mutants used in this study were generated by crossing the lines listed above.
Seeds were stratified at 4°C in the dark for 2 to 4 days on 1/2 Murashige and Skoog (MS) agar medium (Duchefa) (pH 5.8) supplemented with 0.5% (w/v) sucrose and 2.5 mM 2-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid (Sigma-Aldrich). Seeds were then given 6 hours of light and subsequently grown vertically under constant-dark conditions for time-lapse growth kinematics imaging or grown vertically in constant darkness for 48 hours followed by confocal microscopy or reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-Q-PCR) analysis. For pharmacological treatments, 250 μM EGCG or 0.1 μM NPA was added to the medium; the same volumes of solvent [dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)] were used in the corresponding mock treatments.
Seeds were stratified at 4°C in the dark for 2 to 4 days on 1/2 Murashige and Skoog (MS) agar medium (Duchefa) (pH 5.8) supplemented with 0.5% (w/v) sucrose and 2.5 mM 2-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid (Sigma-Aldrich). Seeds were then given 6 hours of light and subsequently grown vertically under constant-dark conditions for time-lapse growth kinematics imaging or grown vertically in constant darkness for 48 hours followed by confocal microscopy or reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-Q-PCR) analysis. For pharmacological treatments, 250 μM EGCG or 0.1 μM NPA was added to the medium; the same volumes of solvent [dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)] were used in the corresponding mock treatments.
7
Arabidopsis Genetic Manipulation and Microscopy
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Plants were grown in soil (16/8 h light/dark; 24°C/19°C; 150 µE/m2/s; 70% humidity) or in vitro on 2.2 g/l Murashige and Skoog nutrient mix (Duchefa), 0.7% (w/v) plant agar (Duchefa), 0.5% (w/v) sucrose, buffered to pH 5.8 with MES (2-Morpholinoethanesulfonic acid, Sigma), after 2 days of vernalization. Seeds were surface sterilized in 70% ethanol, 0.1% (v/v) Tween 20 for 5 min and rinsed in 99% ethanol. The Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia-0 (Col-0) accession was employed as the wild-type background and mutants were genotyped according to the description in the respective articles: yip4a-2 yip4b (Gendre et al., 2013 (link)) (called simply yip4a yip4b in this article), scn1-1 (Parker et al., 2000 (link)), 35S::CA-ROP2 (Li et al., 2001 (link)) and rop2 rop4i-4 rop6 (Ren et al., 2016 (link)). The rop4i-2, rop2 rop4i-8 and rop4i-5 rop6 mutants were generated by independent Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation using the ROP4-RNAi construct under the native promoter of ROP4 (see Ren et al., 2016 (link)) introduced into Col-0, rop2 (SALK_055328C) and rop6 (SALK_091737C), respectively.
The following transgenic fluorescent-protein marker lines were used in the Col-0 background: EXP7::GFP (Cho and Cosgrove, 2002 (link)) and ROP2::EYFP-ROP2 (Xu and Scheres, 2005 (link)).
The following transgenic fluorescent-protein marker lines were used in the Col-0 background: EXP7::GFP (Cho and Cosgrove, 2002 (link)) and ROP2::EYFP-ROP2 (Xu and Scheres, 2005 (link)).
8
Polymer-Based Dexamethasone Delivery System
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Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA; Mw 9,000–10,000, 80% hydrolyzed), dexamethasone, HRP (200–250 units/mg), n-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), 2-morpholinoethane sulfonic acid (MES), tyramine hydrochloride, water-soluble carbodiimide hydrochloride (WSCD), 4-dimethyl aminopyridine (DMAP), succinic anhydride (SA), dexamethasone sodium phosphate and ethanol were purchased from Sigma (Saint Louis, MO, USA). Cell proliferation reagent (WST-1) was obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
9
Microscopic Studies of Xylotrophic Basidiomycetes
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Main object of the research: xylotrophic basidiomycete Stereum hirsutum (Willd.) Pers. [20 (link)]. Part of the microscopic studies is duplicated on a bioluminescent xylotroph Omphalotus olearius (DC.) Singer and Video S11 features Neonothopanus nambi (Speg.) R.H. Petersen and Krisai (LE-BIN 2082 and LE-BIN 3297, respectively, Komarov Botanical Institute Basidiomycetes Culture Collection, St. Petersburg, Russia). Other wood-decaying basidiomycetes Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler, Panellus luminescens (Corner) Corner [21 (link)] and P. stipticus (Bull.) P. Karst (LE-BIN 4431, Komarov Botanical Institute) were used for electron microscopy.
Fungal cultures were stored for a long time on malt agar medium with 1.5% agar (Panreac, Spain) at 4 °C (except for N. nambi—at room temperature). Working deponents and mycelium for experiments were grown on Czapek medium (CzM), рН 7, with 1.5% agar at 22–25 °C in the dark. For separate experiments, liquid CzM was used, both pH 7 and pH 5 (acidified CzM with 2-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). Samples were grown on 9 cm Petri dishes, agarized CzM was covered with cellophane discs, and the inoculum (an agar block about 10 by 10 mm in size) was placed near the rim of the dish. The experiments used colonies aged from 4.5 to 7.5 days of growth for S. hirsutum and from 9.5 to 16 days for O. olearius.
Fungal cultures were stored for a long time on malt agar medium with 1.5% agar (Panreac, Spain) at 4 °C (except for N. nambi—at room temperature). Working deponents and mycelium for experiments were grown on Czapek medium (CzM), рН 7, with 1.5% agar at 22–25 °C in the dark. For separate experiments, liquid CzM was used, both pH 7 and pH 5 (acidified CzM with 2-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). Samples were grown on 9 cm Petri dishes, agarized CzM was covered with cellophane discs, and the inoculum (an agar block about 10 by 10 mm in size) was placed near the rim of the dish. The experiments used colonies aged from 4.5 to 7.5 days of growth for S. hirsutum and from 9.5 to 16 days for O. olearius.
10
Chitosan-based Bioactive Compounds Synthesis
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Low molecular weight chitosan (LCS) is a commercial material provided by Qingdao Yunzhou Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (China). It's deacetylation degree >90%, average molecular weight (Mw) of 3 kDa. Chitooligosaccharide (COS) with a molecular weight of 1.1 kDa was prepared in our laboratory by the combined degradation of microwave and acetic acid. Tris (Tris), Reduced Coenzyme I (NADH), Safranine O, Nitrotetrazolium Blue (NBT), Phenazine Potassium Sulfate (PMS), 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Trinitrophenylhydrazine (DPPH) was purchased from Sigma Chemicals Co. Disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate, ferrous sulfate, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), absolute ethanol, 30% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 1-ethyl-(3 -Dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC·HCl), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), 2-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid (MES), salicylic acid (BHA), α-naphthylacetic acid (NAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). All other chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade and were used without further purification.
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