All kinetic data were determined in duplicate using a Biotek
Cytation Multi-Mode Reader at 37 °C. For KPC-2, assays were performed in 100 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.0, 0.01% (v/v) Triton X-100 and 1 nM KPC-2 enzyme. For NDM-1 (construct 1) and VIM-2, the assays were performed in 50 mM HEPES pH 7.2, 50 μM zinc sulfate, 0.01% (v/v) Triton X-100, 20 μg/mL BSA. NDM-1 enzyme concentration was 2 nM and VIM-2 enzyme concentration was 0.5 nM. All the reactions were initiated by the addition of enzyme and the reaction progress curves were followed spectrophotometrically. Initial steady-state velocities from nitrocefin hydrolysis was measured at a wavelength of 486 nm. Using
SigmaPlot 12.5, the V
max and K
m of nitrocefin were determined by non-linear regression using the Michaelis-Menten equation. β-Lactamase activity was measured in the presence of increasing amount of the inhibitors. The IC
50 was obtained from the sigmoidal concentration dependence curve calculated using
SigmaPlot 12.5. The
Ki of each inhibitor was calculated according to the Cheng-Prusoff equation
71 (link):
Ki = IC
50/ 1 + [S]/
Km, where [S] is the nitrocefin concentration,
Km is the Michaelis constant of the enzymes. All assays were performed in duplicate except compound
1 (tested once due to compound availability) and compound
16 (triplicate).
Pemberton O.A., Jaishankar P., Akhtar A., Adams J.L., Shaw L.N., Renslo A.R, & Chen Y. (2019). Heteroaryl phosphonates as non-covalent inhibitors of both serine- and metallo-carbapenemases. Journal of medicinal chemistry, 62(18), 8480-8496.