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9 protocols using fastcam mini ux50

1

Electrochemical Imaging and Spectroscopy

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Ag/AgCl electrodes were inserted at both reservoirs to apply external voltage (PS 350, Stanford Research Systems, USA or 237 High voltage source measure unit, Keithley, USA). Current value at each voltage step was obtained by the customized Labview program. An inverted fluorescence microscope (IX-51, Olympus, Japan) and a CCD camera (DP73, Olympus, Japan) were used to detect and trace ionic plasma image. Commercial software (CellSense, Olympus, Japan) was used to synchronize the CCD camera with the microscope and to analyze the images. Time evolving snapshots of nanoelectrokinetic light-emitting filament were captured using a high-speed camera (Fastcam Mini UX50, Photron, Japan) mainly at 250 fps.
The percent transmittance was measured using U-2900 Spectrophotometer (Hitachi, Japan). First, a transmittance through bare glass was measured as a reference. Then, a transmittance through dry Nafion film on top of slide glass and wet Nafion film (by 2 M NaCl) on top of slide glass were measured. Their ratios were calculated as % transmittance.
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2

Controlled Annealing of Pristine PDA Films

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A blue-diode laser was collimated by two convex lenses and irradiated through a ×5 objective lens (NA 0.14, Mitutoyo, Japan) on the pristine PDA film (Supplementary Fig.  1). The PDA film was placed on PC controllable high-precision XYZ positioning stages (ANT95-XY-MP, and ANT95-50-L-Z-RH, Aerotech, USA) to anneal the entire surface. To monitor annealing process in situ, the PDA film was illuminated by white light from one side, and a high-speed charge-coupled device camera (FASTCAM Mini UX50, Photron, Japan) equipped with a ×10 objective lens (NA 0.28, Mitutoyo, Japan) was installed in a grazing angle on the other side.
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3

Microfluidic Droplet Sorting Using SAW

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For recording the videos, we use an inverted microscope (IX73, Olympus, Japan) and a fast camera (Fastcam Mini UX50, Photron, Japan). The microfluidic chip is mounted in a chip holder with a printed circuit board (PCB) the size of a standard microscope slide (76 mm × 26 mmm) on the microscope stage. A custom-made pressure system is used to generate all flows inside the chip. The optical fibres are connected accordingly, the 105 μm fibre (M15L, Thorlabs, USA) to the photodetector (PDA100A2, Thorlabs, USA) and the 50 μm (M14L, Thorlabs, USA) with the LED, 455 nm wavelength emission, (M455F1, Thorlabs, USA). The photodetector detects a voltage signal and an increase in absorbance causes a decrease in voltage. The photodetector connects to an FPGA card NI PCIe-7841R (National instruments, USA) and the whole system is controlled by the LabView software.
A switch (ZX80-DR230-S+, Mini-circuit, USA) connects the FPGA card with a signal generator (SMB100A, Rohde&Schwarz, Deutschland) and the PCB of the AcAADS-chip. If a droplet signal crosses a pre-set threshold the SAW is triggered and sorts the target droplet. In the LabVIEW software the parameters for the sorting threshold, the delay time and the pulse length are set accordingly.
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4

Visualizing Media Diffusion in CubeWell

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To simulate the introduction of fresh media, a mixture of water and Royal Blue Icing color dye (Wilton, #17111150) was prepared. This simulated medium was then pumped into the CubeWell at a consistent rate of 1 mL/min. The entire process of media exchange, including the diffusion of the dye and fluid movement within the CubeWells, was captured using a high-speed camera (Photron FASTCAM MINI UX50) set at 1000 frames per second (fps). This recording spanned a duration of 5 minutes, providing a detailed visual account of the diffusion dynamics.
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5

Visualizing Ciliary Movement in Tracheae

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An upright microscope (BX-51; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan), equipped with a × 60 water-immersion objective lens (Olympus), and a high-speed camera (FASTCAM mini UX50; Photron, Tokyo, Japan), was used to observe ciliary movement (Fig. 1). Mouse and human tracheae stained with FITC-WGA were placed in phenol red-free DMEM/F-12 (Nacalai Tesque, Kyoto, Japan), and the luminal surfaces of the tracheae were observed through transmitted light and/or epi-fluorescent illumination. Images of ciliary movement were captured using a high-speed camera at frame rates of 50 or 125 fps.
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6

Generating Double Emulsion Templates

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The device was rinsed for a few minutes with a 0.25 M aqueous NaOH solution and water after which the three fluids were pumped through the microfluidic device using syringe pumps (Harvard Apparatus) forming double emulsions. The PTFE tubing and connector were purchased from Achrom, and Dolomite Microfluidics, respectively. The formation of the double emulsion template was observed by an inverted optical microscope (Nikon Eclipse Ti) equipped with a high-speed camera (Fastcam Mini UX50, Photron). The emulsion droplets were collected in a glass vial and pipetted onto a glass coverslip, or directly on a glass coverslip (Menzel-Gläser, 24 × 60 mm, #1) or Petridish (MatTek Corporation, 35 mm Petridish, 20 mm Microwell, #1.5) to be able to directly observe under an optical or confocal microscope. Prior to each experiment, the chip was flushed with NaOH (1 M) in the case of oil-in-water or with silanization solution I (5% in Heptane, Sigma-Aldrich) in the case of water-in-oil emulsions.
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7

Dynamic Wettability of Banana Leaf Surfaces

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The self-made dynamic impact test platform shown in Figure 1 was used for the water droplet dynamic impact tests. The test environment was a room temperature of 24 °C ± 1 °C and a humidity of 70% ± 10%. The water droplet impact test was used to evaluate the dynamic wettability of the banana leaf surface. The volume of the water droplet used for the test was V = 8 μL (initial diameter was about 2.48 mm), and the surface tension of water was γ = 0.072 N·m−1. Water droplets fell freely from different heights (h) and impacted the surface of the banana leaf sample. Under the action of gravity, an impact velocity (v) was obtained, and v can be expressed as the following equation: v=2gh
where g is the acceleration of gravity (9.8 m·s−2). Water droplets dropped from heights of 20 mm, 50 mm, 100 mm, 150 mm, and 200 mm to impact the banana leaf surface, and a high-speed camera (Fastcam Mini UX50, Photron, Tokoy, Japan) was used to record the impact process of water droplets on the banana leaf surface at a speed of 2000 fps, so as to test the dynamic wettability of the water droplets on the adaxial and abaxial sides of the banana leaf.
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8

Fabrication of Polymersomes via Double Emulsion Templating

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To make the double emulsion droplet templates for polymersomes, we use syringe pumps (KDS Legato 100) to control the fluid flow rates. The flow rates for the inner aqueous phase (W1), middle oil phase (O), and the aqueous continuous phase (W2) were set at the values of 500, 500, and 8000 µl h−1, respectively. For the collection bath, we prepared a large glass container (70 mm × 50 mm × 20 mm) using glass microscope slides (LK Lab Korea, 76 × 52 mm) to facilitate the evaporation of chloroform during dewetting transition. The double emulsion droplet templates produced from the device are directly collected in this container filled with excess amount of aqueous continuous phase. All experiments were performed at room temperature. The polymersomes produced were monitored using an inverted microscope (Eclipse Ts2, Nikon) equipped with a high-speed camera (FastCam Mini UX50, Photron). Fluorescence micrographs of the polymersomes were acquired using an inverted microscope (Eclipse Ti2, Nikon) equipped with a CMOS camera (Zyla 5.5, Andor).
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9

Automated PTHVR System for Real-time Analysis

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In our previous study, we completed a proof of concept on the efficacy of PTHVR with a hand-held camera [ 7 ].
In current study, we established a built-in PTHVR system by using a conversion interface to connect the highspeed camera (FASTCAM Mini UX50, Photron, Tokyo, Japan) to a Super Lux 40 Zeiss stereo surgical operating microscope (Carl Zeiss, Meditec AG, Jena, Germany). This system provided real-time image field conversion (Fig. 1). It was connected to a data collection workstation running Photron FASTCAM Viewer software, which enabled us to quickly obtain and analyse the original video data (Fig. 2). In the software, we can quickly measure the relative length of blood vessels electronically and read the video data we obtained frame by frame.
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