The water-uptake ability of the freestanding films was measured soaking dry films of known weight in PBS (Sigma, USA) at 37°C. The swollen films were removed after 12 hours. After removing the excess of PBS using a filter paper (Filter Lab, Spain), the freestanding films were weighed with an analytical balance (Denver Instrument, Germany). The water uptake was calculated as followed: where Ww and Wd are the weights of swollen and dried freestanding films, respectively.
Analytical balance
Manufactured by Sartorius
Sourced in Germany, United States, India
An analytical balance is a precision weighing instrument used to accurately measure the mass or weight of substances, typically in scientific and laboratory settings. It provides precise measurements with a high degree of accuracy, often to the microgram or even nanogram level. The core function of an analytical balance is to determine the mass of a sample with a high degree of precision and reliability, enabling researchers and scientists to make informed decisions based on accurate data.
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Lab products found in correlation
Formic acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Phosphate buffered saline (pbs), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Multiskan go, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Rotary evaporator, by Büchi (2 mentions)
Electronic balance, by Ohaus (2 mentions)
Vernier caliper, by Mitutoyo (2 mentions)
Vortex mixer, by Boeco (2 mentions)
Digital thermometer, by Kent Scientific (2 mentions)
Pulse modulated infrared photobeams, by Med Associates (1 mentions)
Eclipse lv100nd, by Nikon (1 mentions)
D7000, by Nikon (1 mentions)
Vhx 5000, by Keyence (1 mentions)
Bs210s, by Sartorius (1 mentions)
Biochemical kit, by Nanjing Jiancheng (1 mentions)
Water bath, by Julabo (1 mentions)
Genesys 10, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Ph meter, by Systronics (1 mentions)
Non adherent cell culture 12 well plates, by Sarstedt (1 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Thermo easy nanolc system, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
70 protocols using analytical balance
1
Measuring Water Uptake of Freestanding Films
2
Enzymatic and Hydrolytic Degradation Assays
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To conduct degradation assays, we used an analytical balance (Denver Instrument, Arvada, CO, USA) to measure the weight of all scaffolds before they underwent the degradation process. This weight was then identified as the initial weight. Afterward, the nopal decellularized and native tissue scaffolds in separate tubes containing a trypsin 0.025% EDTA-2Na in PBS(–) (Sigma-Aldrich) and 1X phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for enzymatic and hydrolytic degradation, respectively. The scaffolds and solutions were placed in Falcon tubes and agitated at 360 rpm at 37 °C for 240 h. Every 24 h, we stopped the agitation to remove the scaffolds from the solutions, record their weight, and measure their absorbance at 350 nm using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Multiskan Go, Thermo-Scientific, Helsinki, Finland) to observe proteins in solution.
3
Measuring Bee Emergence and Weight
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The frames with the treated brood were retrieved from their colonies, and the 50 cells of each treatment on each comb were covered with a 3 mm wire mesh push-in cage (11.5 × 7.5 × 1.5 cm with 2.5 mm screen), which was embedded into the comb to contain the bees that would emerge from the cells. Then, the frame was placed inside a screened emerging cage (50.3 × 7.3 × 25.2 cm) in an incubator (35 °C, 60% RH). The number of bees that emerged or did not emerge from each of the treatments were counted. The emerged bees were held by the wings and placed on a disposable polystyrene dish (812 × 812 mm; Fisherbrand, Mississauga, ON, Canada) to weigh them on an analytical balance (Denver Instrument, Bohemia, NY, USA). Three repetitions of this experiment were conducted.
4
Spontaneous Locomotor Activity in Mice
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Spontaneous locomotor activity was measured in brightly lit (500 lux) Plexiglas chambers (41 cm×41 cm) as described [25] (link), [26] (link), [27] (link). The chambers were located in sound-attenuating cubicles and equipped with two sets of 16 pulse-modulated infrared photobeams to record X–Y ambulatory movements at a 100 ms resolution (Med Associates, Lafayette, IN). Each mouse was placed at the center of the open-field chamber and recording was started upon mouse movement. Each mouse was given one, one-hour trial per week over a 5-month period beginning at 7 months of age. Mouse body weight was measured using an analytical balance (Denver Instrument, Arvada, CO) with a precision of 0.01 g. Body weight was assessed weekly over the 5 month period beginning at 7 months of age.
5
Brain Water Content Measurement
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BWC was measured as described in a prior publication [31 (link)]. In short, following mice sacrifice, brain samples were extracted immediately, prior to dissection into the left/right basal ganglia, left/right cortices, and cerebellum. All dissected portions of the brain were weighed using analytical balance (Denver Instrument, USA) to achieve the respective wet weights (WW). The dry weight (DW) was measured after samples were baked for 24 h in an oven at 100 °C. BWC was computed as follows: BWC (%) = [(WW − DW)/WW] × 100%.
6
Hydrogel Swelling Behavior in Aqueous Media
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The prepared hydrogel devices were submerged in aqueous media for swelling tests, which included water, SGF (pH 3), or porcine gastric fluid. Compendial SGF was prepared with sodium chloride (150 mM) and hydrochloric acid (1 mM) in water13 (link),43 . Porcine gastric fluid was withdrawn endoscopically when we performed another observational endoscopic study in the pig, and stored at −80 °C. During swelling studies, the increase of volume over time was monitored using a DSLR camera (Nikon D7000), and the mass of hydrogel devices was monitored using analytical balance (Denver Instrument). Swelling of superabsorbent particles was recorded using microscopy (Nikon Eclipse LV100ND). The volume at each time point was obtained by the area to the 1.5th power, where the area was accessible from the time-lapse images. The volume change was expressed as V/V0, normalized by the initial volume V0.
7
Water Uptake of Freestanding Membranes
8
Hydatid Cyst Removal and Analysis
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At necropsy in both studies, the peritoneal cavity was opened, and the hydatid cysts were carefully removed. The weight of the cysts collected from each animal was recorded using an analytical balance (Denver Instrument, USA). The treatment efficacy was evaluated by the mean cyst weight, viabilityof protoscoleces and the ultrastructural study of cysts and protoscoleces.
9
Long-term Artificial Plaque Stability
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The visual characterization of the artificial plaque model was performed with a digital 3D microscope VHX-5000 (Keyence, Osaka, Japan) using a magnification of 20× and 200×. Long-term stability of the artificial plaques was assessed by microscopic examination and by weight monitoring. For this purpose, freshly prepared plaques were weighed and then incubated in sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 37 °C. Plaques were removed at regular intervals, and excess liquid was carefully blotted with a tissue, after which samples were re-weighed with an analytical balance (Sartorius, Göttingen, Germany) or examined microscopically. All experiments were performed in triplicates. The long-term stability experiment was performed for a duration of 49 days.
10
Tobacco Sample Preparation Protocol
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The method for preparation of tobacco samples was as reported before [12 (link)]. As shown in Table 1 , a total of twenty cigarette brands (10 local and 10 imported) commonly used in Pakistan were purchased from the local market. The average weight of each cigarette brand was determined by weighing 5 sticks of each brand before and after removing the filters using Sartorius Analytical Balance (ISO 9001).
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