Rats were anesthetized with isoflurane during surgery. The rat was then placed in a stereotaxic frame (Harvard apparatus, USA). The parietal and the frontal bones were exposed by a sagittal incision of the scalp at the midline from the level of the eyes to the occipital protuberance. A small bur hole was drilled after exposing the skull. A glass injection cannula was placed at the following coordinates: (Bregma −5.45, lateral −2.38, and ventral 2mm). Sterile saline solution (+/− 5μM ifenprodil) was perfused at a constant flow rate of 0.5 uL/hr through the injection cannula using a mini-osmotic pump (DURECT Corporation ALZET Osmotic Pumps, CA). Implantation was done in layer 4 of the barrel cortex ipsilateral to the ION lesion. To estimate extent of ifenprodil diffusion in layer 4 barrel cortex during pump injection, we first injected methylene blue to stain the ifenprodil-diffusion area. On average methylene blue diffused to 1040.0 ± 50.5 μm (n =6) away from the injection site. Based on this analysis, we only recorded from SCs located within 1000 μm from injection site.
Alzet osmotic pump
Manufactured by Durect
Sourced in United States
Alzet osmotic pumps are laboratory devices that provide a controlled and continuous delivery of substances over an extended period of time. They operate using an osmotic mechanism, where water from the surrounding environment enters the pump and gradually pushes the contents out at a pre-determined rate.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Ang 2, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Clenbuterol, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Brl37344, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Bp 2000, by Visitech (3 mentions)
Alzet pumps, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Phosphate buffered saline (pbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
17β estradiol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Amd3100, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Trizol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Chemstrip 2gp, by Roche (2 mentions)
Angiotensin 2, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Dantrolene, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Coda machine, by Kent Scientific (1 mentions)
H 1705, by Bachem (1 mentions)
Superscript 2 rt, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Ferric chloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
L arginine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Buprenorphine, by Henry Schein (1 mentions)
Buprenex, by Henry Schein (1 mentions)
Catalase, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
92 protocols using alzet osmotic pump
1
Ifenprodil Infusion in Rat Barrel Cortex
2
Local Tumor Irradiation and CXCR4 Inhibition
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Local tumor irradiation was implemented using a double-collimated vertical beam of XRAD 320 unit (320 kV, 12.5 mA, filter 0.5 mm Cu) with a dose rate of 3.52–3.75 Gy/min. Mice bearing tumors in the prostate were anesthetized with ketamine/xylazine, i.p., gently secured with tape in the supine position, and placed under a secondary collimator, lead shield with a hole of 15 mm in diameter located above the tumor. Tumors implanted in the tibia were irradiated in a 30-mm collimated field, herewith stretching the leg of conscious mice secured in a jig. A dose of localized irradiation delivered to the tumors was 12 Gy unless otherwise specified. For CXCR4 inhibition, mice were treated with 10 mg/kg AMD3100 (Sigma-Aldrich) dissolved in water and using Alzet osmotic pumps (Durect, CA, USA) for its continuous delivery at a rate of 0.25 µL/h for 14 days [28 (link)]. The pumps were implanted dorsolaterally under the skin. When the treatments were combined, tumor irradiation was immediately followed by the pump implantation. The pre-specified endpoints were the size of the tumors at certain time points (prostate tumors) or the time taken for the tumors to grow to a cut-off size of 13 mm or mouse death (bony tumors). The developments of lymph node and lung metastases were also assessed in the same mice.
3
Sustained IL-7 Delivery in Mice
4
Long-term Administration of β-adrenergic Agonists
5
Long-term Administration of β-adrenergic Agonists
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For long-term administration of β-adrenergic agonists, Clenbuterol (Sigma) and BRL37344 (Sigma) were dosed at 2 mg Kg−1 day−1 and 2.4 mg Kg−1 day−1, respectively, using subcutaneously implanted Alzet osmotic pumps (model 2006; DURECT Corporation). Six weeks following implantation of the first pump, an additional pump was implanted for a total of 12 weeks of continuous drug delivery. Control animals were implanted with Alzet pumps containing saline (PBS; Gibco).
6
Dantrolene Mitigates Post-Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure
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Adult Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes were used to produce MI-HF in this study. MI was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery, as described in our previous reports.15 (link),16 (link) A separate group of sham-operated animals (n = 7) from a parallel study served as normal reference. Sham-operated animals underwent the same surgery except that the suture was tied loosely. MI was confirmed by transthoracic echocardiography 2 weeks after MI surgery. To ensure the development of HF, rats with large MI (≥40% of left ventricular [LV] circumference on echocardiographic short-axis view) were enrolled in the study and randomized to 1 of 2 groups: MI-vehicle group (treated with vehicle; n = 14) or MI-dantrolene group (n = 13). Immediately after enrollment, dantrolene (10 mg/kg/d; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) or vehicle treatment was continuously delivered for 4 weeks by ALZET osmotic pumps (DURECT Corporation, Cupertino, CA) implanted subcutaneously in the upper back.
Rats were housed in our institutional animal care facility and kept on a 12-hour light/dark cycle with food and water available ad libitum. The use of animals was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine and was in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.
Rats were housed in our institutional animal care facility and kept on a 12-hour light/dark cycle with food and water available ad libitum. The use of animals was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine and was in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.
7
Angiotensin II-induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
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Alzet osmotic pumps (model 2004; 0000298, Durect Corporation) were loaded with PBS or angiotensin II (H-1705, Bachem) and implanted subcutaneously for a delivery rate of 1 μg/kg/min for 28 days as previously described15 (link). Blood pressure was monitored weekly by tail cuff using the CODA machine (Kent Scientific Corporation), and aneurysm progression was assessed by ultrasound Doppler imaging. At sacrifice, macroscopic evaluation of the aorta was used to grade the severity of AAA26 (link). Enlarged aorta without thrombus and dilated aorta that frequently contained thrombus was scored as stages I and II, respectively. Stage III categories included bulbous aortas with visible thrombus and stage IV was defined as multiple aneurysmal containing thrombus. Prior to aneurysm induction, 6–8-week-old mice were injected with 1011 (link) genomic copies of either PCSK9 or control AAV based on the study of Daugherty et al.30 (link) and fed a Western diet as described above until sacrifice.
8
Hypertension and Cardiovascular Pathways
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The chemicals and reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, Missouri, USA), including ferrous chloride (FeCl2.4H2O), ferric chloride (FeCl3.6H2O), L-arginine, melittin (M2272), angiotensin II (A9525), elastase (E7885), and bromophenol blue dye. Alzet osmotic pumps (200 µL, 0.5 µL/hr) were supplied by Durect corporation (Cupertino, California, USA). The high salt diet containing 8% NaCl was purchased from Envigo (Indianapolis, Indiana, USA). The 10 µL model 701 syringe with 26G 2.0-inch point-style-3 Hamilton replacement needle was from Fisher Scientific (Hampton, New Hampshire, USA). The reagents and apparatus for western blot assay, Bradford and BCA protein assays, RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis kits and Trizol and SuperScript II RT were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, Massachusetts, USA). The antibodies were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK) and Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, Massachusetts, USA).
9
Chronic ICV Delivery of KLB Antagonist in Obese Mice
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ICV administration of KLB antagonist peptide was conducted as previously described (69 (link)). Briefly, 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed HFD for 24 weeks to induce diet-induced obesity. Mice were anesthetized and administered a single dose of 0.28 mg/kg buprenorphine (Buprenex, Henry Schein Animal Health). A cannula was positioned in the right lateral cerebral ventricle (coordinates: anteroposterior, −0.7 mm to bregma; lateral, –1.2 mm to bregma; dorsoventral, −2.2 mm to the cranial surface), fixed to the skull with cyanocrylate, and connected via a polyethylene catheter to a subcutaneous osmotic minipump (ALZET Osmotic Pumps; Durect Corporation). Osmotic minipumps were implanted subcutaneously in the upper back, delivering vehicle (isotonic saline) or 1153 (0.0171 mg/d, equivalent to 0.3 mg/kg, as shown in Figure 5A ) for 14 days. For all experiments, the osmotic minipumps were filled the evening before surgery and primed in a water bath overnight at 37°C.
10
Estradiol-Induced Prolactinoma in Mice
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Per2-/- mice and wild-type littermates (8-12 weeks old) were subcutaneously implanted with Alzet osmotic pumps (model 2004, Durect Corporation, Cupertino, CA) containing 20 mg 17β-estradiol to induce PRLPA according to the manufacturer's protocol. Three months later, mice were sacrificed to collect plasma and tumor samples for further analysis.
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