and contact angle
measurements were performed with a DSA 100 analyzer (Krüss,
Germany, accuracy ±0.01 mN m–1), at 25 °C.
The shape drop method was utilized to determined surface tension.
The principle of this method is based on the formation of an axisymmetric
drop at the tip of a needle of a syringe, and the image of the drop
(3 cm3) is taken with a CCD camera and digitized. The surface
tension (γ in mN m–1) of the spray solutions
used in the greenhouse experiments was calculated by analyzing the
profile of the drop according to the Laplace equation. The temperature
during the experiment was controlled using a Fisherbrand FBH604 thermostatic
bath (Fisher, Germany, accuracy +0.1 °C).