All reagents used in this study were of analytical grade. Deionized water was prepared using an Elix water purification system (Millipore Co. Ltd, Molsheim, France). Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane chloride salt (TAP) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate sodium salt (PA) were obtained from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA). Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Yokohama, Japan). Acetone, chloroform, toluene, sodium sulphate anhydrous, sodium borohydride, rhodamine B, sodium tetrachloroaurate(III) dihydrate, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and tetraoctylammonium bromide were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries (Osaka, Japan). Ethanol was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, aqueous ammonia and 30% hydrogen peroxide were obtained from Kanto Chemical (Tokyo, Japan). Polystyrene beads (diameter, 1.0 µm) were purchased from Funakoshi (Tokyo, Japan).
Hydrochloric acid (hcl)
Manufactured by Kanto Chemical
Sourced in Japan
Hydrochloric acid is a clear, colorless, and highly corrosive liquid chemical compound with the formula HCl. It is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride gas. Hydrochloric acid is commonly used in various industrial and laboratory applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Kanto Chemical (7 mentions)
Chloroform, by Fujifilm (3 mentions)
Acetone, by Fujifilm (3 mentions)
Methanol, by Kanto Chemical (3 mentions)
Dichloromethane, by Kanto Chemical (3 mentions)
Potassium hydroxide, by Kanto Chemical (3 mentions)
Tetrahydrofuran, by Kanto Chemical (2 mentions)
Ethyl acetate, by Kanto Chemical (2 mentions)
Ethanol, by Kanto Chemical (2 mentions)
Na2wo4 2h2o, by Kanto Chemical (2 mentions)
Ammonium formate, by Kanto Chemical (2 mentions)
Ammonium acetate, by Kanto Chemical (2 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Kanto Chemical (2 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Kanto Chemical (2 mentions)
Sodium carbonate, by Kanto Chemical (2 mentions)
Trichloroacetic acid, by Kanto Chemical (2 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Fujifilm (2 mentions)
Diethyl ether, by Kanto Chemical (2 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Kanto Chemical (2 mentions)
Mgcl2 6h2o, by Fujifilm (2 mentions)
34 protocols using hydrochloric acid (hcl)
1
Lipid-based Nanoparticle Synthesis
2
Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles with PVP
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Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with a molecular weight of 40,000 g/mol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), as well as gold(III) chloride trihydrate, sodium citrate, (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) and sodium silicate. Pyridine, sodium borohydride, hydrochloric acid, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and methanol were purchased from Kanto Chemical Co. Most of the chemicals are in high grade (>99.5%), while sodium silicate solution and sodium borohydride were at the grade of 27% and 98%, respectively. High quality 70% HClO4 (Suprapur grade) for electrochemical measurement was purchased from Merck. All chemicals were used without further purification. Aqueous solutions were prepared with ultrapure water produced by the MilliQ system (Merck Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA, 18.2 MΩcm, TOC < 4 ppb).
3
Actinium-225 Purification Protocol
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Hydrochloric acid (ultra-pure, 10 M) was purchased from Kanto Chemical (Tokyo, Japan). An ammonium acetate solution (10 M) was obtained from Nacalai Tesque (Kyoto, Japan). An ammonium solution (25%), nitric acid (70%), pure water, Dowex Monosphere 550A anion exchange resin (OH form, 590 ± 50 µm), and Dowex AG1-X8 anion exchange resin (Cl form, 100–200 mesh) were obtained from FUJIFILM Wako Chemicals (Tokyo, Japan). These reagents were used as received or diluted with the appropriate volume of pure water, as needed. Chelex-100 (Na form, 100–200 mesh) was purchased from Bio-Rad Laboratories (Tokyo, Japan). It was preconditioned as the ammonium form before use. Actinium-225 nitrate (37 MBq, 99.99% radionuclidic purity) was purchased from Oak Ridge National Laboratory and used as an authentic 225Ac source.
4
Preparation of Glucose Solutions
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A 50% glucose solution (Fuso Yakuhin Kogyo, Osaka, Japan) was diluted with physiological saline (Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Tokyo, Japan) to target concentrations of glucose solutions of 0, 50, 100, 200, 300, 500, and 700 mM. Then, the pH of the diluted glucose solutions was adjusted to pH 6 by adding dilutions of 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid (Kanto Chemical, Tokyo, Japan) and/or 0.01 mol/L sodium hydroxide (Kanto Chemical).
5
Synthesis of Fluorinated Aromatic Compounds
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Titanium(IV) chloride (16–17% as Ti
in dil. hydrochloric acid, Wako Chemical), chloromethyl methyl ether
(CMME) (>95%, TCI), 40 wt % dimethylamine aqueous solution (Kanto
Chemical), tetrahydrofuran (>99.5% Kanto Chemical), hydrochloric
acid
(35–37%, Kanto Chemical), 2,2′-bipyridine (>99%,
TCI),
bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel(0) (Ni(cod)2) (>95%, Kanto
Chemical), and dimethyl sulfate (>99%, Kanto Chemical) were used
as
received. N,N-dimethylacetamide
(DMAc) (>99%, Kanto Chemical) was dehydrated over molecular sieve
4A prior to use. 9,9′-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)fluorene (p-BCF) and bis(3-chlorophenyl)perfluorohexane (2) were synthesized
according to the literature.18 (link) 1,6-Diiodoperfluorohexane
was kindly supplied by Tosoh Finechem Co.
in dil. hydrochloric acid, Wako Chemical), chloromethyl methyl ether
(CMME) (>95%, TCI), 40 wt % dimethylamine aqueous solution (Kanto
Chemical), tetrahydrofuran (>99.5% Kanto Chemical), hydrochloric
acid
(35–37%, Kanto Chemical), 2,2′-bipyridine (>99%,
TCI),
bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel(0) (Ni(cod)2) (>95%, Kanto
Chemical), and dimethyl sulfate (>99%, Kanto Chemical) were used
as
received. N,N-dimethylacetamide
(DMAc) (>99%, Kanto Chemical) was dehydrated over molecular sieve
4A prior to use. 9,9′-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)fluorene (p-BCF) and bis(3-chlorophenyl)perfluorohexane (2) were synthesized
according to the literature.18 (link) 1,6-Diiodoperfluorohexane
was kindly supplied by Tosoh Finechem Co.
6
Synthesis of Organic Compounds
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Potassium hydroxide (>85.5%), zinc acetate dihydrate (>99.0%), ethanol (>99.5%), hydrochloric acid (35%), hexane (>95.0%), ethyl acetate (>99.3%), tetrahydrofuran (>99.5%), dichloromethane (>99.5%) and chloroform-d1 (99.8% D) were purchased from Kanto Chemical Co., Inc. L1S (>98.0%), L1L (>98.0%), 1-bromodecane (>98.0%), triethyl phosphite (>97.0%), diisopropylamine (>99.0%), n-buthyllitium (1.59 mol L−1 in hexane), 1-iodooctane (>97.0%), bromotrimethylsilane (>95.0%) were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. All reagents were used without further treatment. The syntheses of L2 and L3 are shown in the ESI.†
7
Synthesis of CdS/CdWO4 Core-Shell Nanocomposites
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CdS cores were prepared based on a previously established procedure.19 (link) 20 mL of an aqueous solution containing 2.40 g of Na2S·9H2O (Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) was added to 100 mL of an ethanol solution containing 3.08 g of Cd(NO3)2·4H2O (Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Tokyo, Japan). The resulting precipitate was filtered and then dried at 70 °C for 24 h.
The CdS/CdWO4 nanorod core–shell composite was synthesized via acid dissolution at various pH conditions. The prepared CdS powder (1.2 g) was dispersed in 100 mL of Na2WO4·2H2O (2.75 g, Kanto Chemical Co, Inc. Tokyo, Japan) solution and stirred for 24 h. Hydrochloric acid (Kanto Chemical Co., Inc. Tokyo, Japan) was added dropwise to adjust the pH values to 0.8, 1.0, or 2.0. The suspension was stirred for a short time (30 min) or long time (24 h). The mixture was centrifuged, washed with pure water, and dried at 70 °C. The powder was calcined at 200 °C or 400 °C for 2 h under Ar atmosphere. The samples calcined at 400 °C are labelled as S-08 CW (short time, pH = 0.8, CdS/CdWO4 core–shell composite), S-1 CW, S-2 CW, L-08 CW (long time, pH = 0.8, CdS/CdWO4 core–shell composite), L-1 CW, and L-2 CW.
The CdS/CdWO4 nanorod core–shell composite was synthesized via acid dissolution at various pH conditions. The prepared CdS powder (1.2 g) was dispersed in 100 mL of Na2WO4·2H2O (2.75 g, Kanto Chemical Co, Inc. Tokyo, Japan) solution and stirred for 24 h. Hydrochloric acid (Kanto Chemical Co., Inc. Tokyo, Japan) was added dropwise to adjust the pH values to 0.8, 1.0, or 2.0. The suspension was stirred for a short time (30 min) or long time (24 h). The mixture was centrifuged, washed with pure water, and dried at 70 °C. The powder was calcined at 200 °C or 400 °C for 2 h under Ar atmosphere. The samples calcined at 400 °C are labelled as S-08 CW (short time, pH = 0.8, CdS/CdWO4 core–shell composite), S-1 CW, S-2 CW, L-08 CW (long time, pH = 0.8, CdS/CdWO4 core–shell composite), L-1 CW, and L-2 CW.
8
Isotope-Labeled Biomolecule Analysis
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Proteins, peptides, caffeine, and water-18O (97% atom) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Phosphatidylcholine was purchased from Fujifilm. 10-Acetyl-3,7-dihydroxyphenoxazine (ADHP) was purchased from Cayman Chemical. Hydrochloric acid, ammonium formate, ammonium acetate, and tetraethylammonium bicarbonate were from Kanto Chemical (Tokyo, Japan). All chemicals were used without further purification. The electrical conductivity of the solution was measured using a conductivity meter (Mettler Toledo). The 18O content for the isotope-labeled samples was greater than 87% atom.
9
Cisplatin-Loaded Nanoparticle Formulation
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Cisplatin was purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC, Coatsome® NC-50) and Tween 80 were products of NOF Inc. (Tokyo, Japan). Sodium Deoxycholate (SD) was acquired from Wako Pure Chemical Industries Co., Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). Sodium cholate (SC) was supplied by Sigma Aldrich (Tokyo, Japan). The diblock polymer used in this experiment was polyethylene oxide-b-polymethacrylic acid (PEO-b-PMAA; Mw of PEO = 7500; Mn of PMAA= 11 000) was obtained from Polymer Source, Inc. (Canada). Saline was purchased from Otsuka Co. Ltd. (Japan). In order to undertake high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, all solvents were of HPLC analytical grade. For graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (GF-AAS) measurements, nitric acid (1.38; analytical grade, Wako Pure Chemical Industries Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan) was employed as a digestive acid solution, while hydrochloric acid (AAS analytical grade) was used for the sample solvent (Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Tokyo, Japan). The solvents; ethanol, methanol, acetone, and chloroform; were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). All other reagents and solvents employed in this study were of the highest quality available. Milli-Q water was used in all experiments.
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Cisplatin was purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC, Coatsome® NC-50) and Tween 80 were products of NOF Inc. (Tokyo, Japan). Sodium Deoxycholate (SD) was acquired from Wako Pure Chemical Industries Co., Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). Sodium cholate (SC) was supplied by Sigma Aldrich (Tokyo, Japan). The diblock polymer used in this experiment was polyethylene oxide-b-polymethacrylic acid (PEO-b-PMAA; Mw of PEO = 7500; Mn of PMAA= 11 000) was obtained from Polymer Source, Inc. (Canada). Saline was purchased from Otsuka Co. Ltd. (Japan). In order to undertake high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, all solvents were of HPLC analytical grade. For graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (GF-AAS) measurements, nitric acid (1.38; analytical grade, Wako Pure Chemical Industries Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan) was employed as a digestive acid solution, while hydrochloric acid (AAS analytical grade) was used for the sample solvent (Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Tokyo, Japan). The solvents; ethanol, methanol, acetone, and chloroform; were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). All other reagents and solvents employed in this study were of the highest quality available. Milli-Q water was used in all experiments.
10
Synthesis and Characterization of Pt Catalysts
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All the chemicals used in this study were commercially obtained and used without further purification. Hydrogen hexachloroplatinate hexahydrate (H2PtCl6·6H2O) was purchased from Tanaka Kikinzoku. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), triphenylphosphine (PPh3), platinum (Pt) standard solution (1000 ppm), and bismuth (Bi) standard solution (100 ppm) were obtained from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Co. Acetone, acetonitrile, dichloromethane, ethylene glycol, hydrochloric acid, methanol, nitric acid, and toluene were sourced from Kanto Chemical Co., Inc. Pt nitrate (Pt(NO3)4) was obtained from Johnson Matthey. trans-2-[3-(4-tert-Butylphenyl)-2-methyl-2-propenylidene]malononitrile (DCTB) was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry. Cordierite honeycomb (25.4 mm φ × 50 mm L, 400 cells per in2) and γ-Al2O3 (Puralox SCFa-160, Sasol) were obtained from NGK Insulators, Ltd. Pure Milli-Q water (18.2 MΩ cm) was generated using a Merck Millipore Direct 3 UV system.
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