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8 protocols using p aurora a b c

1

Western Blot Analysis of Aurora Kinases

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Cells from ∼90% confluent 6-well plates were trypsinized, washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), resuspended in 100 μl of ELB lysis buffer (250 mM NaCl, 0.1% NP-40, 50 mM 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid [HEPES], pH 7, 5 mM EDTA) and 25 μl of 5× sample buffer, boiled for 10 min, and stored at −80°C. 30 μg of sample were run on 12% acrylamide gels and transferred to nitrocellulose. Primary and secondary antibodies were diluted in 5% milk in Tris-buffered saline plus 0.1% Tween 20. Primary antibody dilutions were as follows: Aurora B 1:100 (BD Transduction), pAurora A/B/C 1:100 (Cell Signaling), INCENP TSS 1:4000 (a kind gift of Dr. Michael Lampson), α-tubulin 1:250 (DM1a; Sigma-Aldrich), pH3 S10 1:100 (Millipore), α-FLAG 1:10,000 (Sigma A8592).
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2

Antibodies for Cellular Signaling Analysis

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The following antibodies were used: Fyn (#25; BD Biosciences, and Fyn3; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), c-Src (#327; Calbiochem), Src[pY416] (phospho-Src family, Cell Signaling Technology), γ-tubulin (GeneTex, and clone GTU-88; Sigma-Aldrich or Abcam), phosphotyrosine (pTyr) (4G10; Upstate Biotechnology, Inc.; a gift from T. Tamura and T. Yoshimoto), IAK1 (Aurora A) (#4; BD Biosciences), phospho-Aurora A(Thr288)/Aurora B(Thr232)/Aurora C(Thr198) (pAurora A/B/C) (D13A11; Cell Signaling Technology), HA (F7 and Y-11; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), myc (9E10; Santa Cruz Biotechnology and A-14-G; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), α-tubulin (MCA78G; Serotec), cyclin B1 (H-433; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), PRC1 (H-70; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), GM130 (#35; BD Transduction Laboratories), cPLA2 (4-4B-3C; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), LAMP-1 (H4A3; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and PDI (P7496; Sigma). Horseradish peroxidase-linked IgG F(ab’)2 and Alexa Fluor 488-, 546-, or 647-labeled IgG secondary antibodies were obtained from Amersham Biosciences and Invitrogen.
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3

Comprehensive Western Blotting Analysis of Cell Signaling

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Western blotting was performed as previously described [41 (link)] using antibodies against: β-Actin (A5441, Sigma), cleaved caspase-3 (#9661, Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA, USA), cleaved caspase-9 (#9502, Cell Signaling), Mcl-1 (#559027, BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA), Bax (#610983, BD Biosciences), Bid (#2002, Cell Signaling), Bcl-xL (#610212, BD Biosciences), Bim (#2819, Cell Signaling), Bcl-2 (#M0887, Agilent DAKO, Santa Clara, CA, USA), cytochrome c (sc-7159, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), COX IV (A21348, Invitrogen), PUMA [44 (link)], Bak (#06–536, EMD Millipore), Noxa (#OP180, EMD Millipore), p73 (A300–126A, Bethyl Laboratories, Montgomery, TX, USA), p-p73 (#4665, Cell Signaling), p-AKT (#4058, Cell Signaling), total AKT (#9272, Cell Signaling), p-ERK1/2 (#4376, Cell Signaling), total ERK1/2 (#9102, Cell Signaling), p-FoxO3A (#9464, Cell Signaling), total FoxO3A (07–702, EMD Millipore), p53 (sc-126, Santa Cruz), p-EGFR (#2234, Cell Signaling), total EGFR (#610016, BD Biosciences), KRAS (sc-30, Santa Cruz), p-Aurora A/B/C (#2914, Cell Signaling), total Aurora A (#4718, Cell Signaling), total Aurora B (#3094, Cell Signaling), and HA (#12CA5, Roche, Indianapolis, IN, USA).
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4

Immunofluorescence Microscopy of DNA Damage

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Cells were placed on the slides treated with the indicated concentrations for 72 h and followed fixation with 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS for 20 min at room temperature, permeabilized with 5% Triton X-100 in PBS for 30 min. Blocked cells with 3% bovine serum albumin (BSA) were incubated with primary antibodies γ-H2AX (Cell Signaling, #9718), p-Aurora A/B/C (Cell Signaling, # 2914), Survivin (Cell Signaling, #2808), Aurora B (Santa Cruz, sc-393357), or ACA (ImmunoVision, HCT-0100) in a humidity chamber overnight. The slides were then incubated with Alexa Fluor 488 fluorochrome-conjugated secondary antibodies (Abcam, ab150077) or Alexa Fluor 647 fluorochrome-conjugated secondary antibodies (Invitrogen, A-21445) for 1h at room temperature. Stained cells were mounted with DAPI (Beyotime, China). The Nikon microscope was used to image the fluorescently-stained slides and analysis. We acquired a range of 10–20 fields per treatment using oil 100x objective magnification and at least 120 cells were analyzed using Image J software for data analysis.
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5

Generation and Validation of Phospho-Specific Antibodies

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Rabbit polyclonal phospho-specific antibodies against MARK2 S456, S569, S619, and MST2 S15 were generated and purified by AbMart, Inc. The peptides used for immunizing rabbits were AKVPA-pS-PLPGL (MAR2 S456), RVPVA-pS-PSAHN (MARK2 S569), GVTPA-pS-PSGHS (MARK2 S619), and KLKKL-pS-EDSLT (MST2 S15). The corresponding non-phosphorylated peptides were also used for antibody purification and blocking assays. Anti-MARK2, Cyclin B1, β-actin were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. Anti-MARK1, MARK3, MARK4, p-MARK T208 (activation loop), HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC4, HDAC5, HDAC6, HDAC7, p-HDAC4/5/7(S246/S259/S155), p-HDAC4/5/7(S632/S661/S486), cleaved-PARP (human specific), cleaved-PARP (rodent specific), cleaved-caspase 3, Erk1/2, Zyxin, Survivin, p-YAP S127, p-YAP S397, YAP, and p-Aurora-A/B/C were from Cell Signaling Technology. Anti-GST and LATS2 antibodies were from Bethyl Laboratory. Anti-Aurora-A and Flag antibodies were from Sigma. Anti-α-tubulin antibody was from Abcam Inc. All other antibodies used in this study are listed in Table S1.
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6

Western Blot Analysis of Cancer Cell Response

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Cancer cells were treated with
each of the compounds at different compound concentrations. After
24 h, cells were collected, washed with 1× phosphate buffered
saline (PBS), lysed in 1× Laemmli protein sample buffer, and
boiled at 100 °C for 10 min. Each lysate was separated by sodium
dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), transferred
to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF, Millipore, USA) membrane, and blotted
with antibodies. Primary antibodies used for western blotting were
cMYC (Cell Signaling, 5605S), MYCN (Cell Signaling, 9405S), PARP-1(Abcam,
ab32378), GAPDH (Genetex, GTX100118), pAurora A/B/C (Cell Signaling,
#2914), Aurora A (Abcam, ab52973), pHistone H3 Ser10 (Epitomics, 1173–1),
Histone H3 (Millipore, 07-690), Cyclin B1 (Santa Cruz, sc-245), and
β-ACTIN (Sigma-Aldrich, A1978). After the blotting (0.2% casein,
1% BSA, or 5% nonfat milk), membranes were washed with blotting buffer
(0.2% casein in 1× PBS or 1× TBST), and corresponding alkaline
phosphatase (AP)- or horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary
antibodies (Sigma-Aldrich) were added. The blots were developed by
chemiluminescence (PerkinElmer, USA).
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7

Comprehensive Western Blotting Analysis of Cell Signaling

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Western blotting was performed as previously described [41 (link)] using antibodies against: β-Actin (A5441, Sigma), cleaved caspase-3 (#9661, Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA, USA), cleaved caspase-9 (#9502, Cell Signaling), Mcl-1 (#559027, BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA), Bax (#610983, BD Biosciences), Bid (#2002, Cell Signaling), Bcl-xL (#610212, BD Biosciences), Bim (#2819, Cell Signaling), Bcl-2 (#M0887, Agilent DAKO, Santa Clara, CA, USA), cytochrome c (sc-7159, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), COX IV (A21348, Invitrogen), PUMA [44 (link)], Bak (#06–536, EMD Millipore), Noxa (#OP180, EMD Millipore), p73 (A300–126A, Bethyl Laboratories, Montgomery, TX, USA), p-p73 (#4665, Cell Signaling), p-AKT (#4058, Cell Signaling), total AKT (#9272, Cell Signaling), p-ERK1/2 (#4376, Cell Signaling), total ERK1/2 (#9102, Cell Signaling), p-FoxO3A (#9464, Cell Signaling), total FoxO3A (07–702, EMD Millipore), p53 (sc-126, Santa Cruz), p-EGFR (#2234, Cell Signaling), total EGFR (#610016, BD Biosciences), KRAS (sc-30, Santa Cruz), p-Aurora A/B/C (#2914, Cell Signaling), total Aurora A (#4718, Cell Signaling), total Aurora B (#3094, Cell Signaling), and HA (#12CA5, Roche, Indianapolis, IN, USA).
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8

Alisertib Modulates Aurora A and Jak/STAT Signaling

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The effect of alisertib on Aurora A and the Jak/STATs signaling pathways was assessed by immunoblotting, as described previously 21 (link), 23 , using the following phospho-specific antibodies: p-Aurora A/B/C (Cell Signaling Technology, #2914), Aurora A (35C1) (Abcam, ab13824), p-Jak1 (T1022/1023) (Cell Signaling Technology, #3331), Jak1 (6G4) (Cell Signaling Technology, #3344), p-Jak2 (T1007/1008) (Cell Signaling Technology, #3776), Jak2 (D2E12) (Cell Signaling Technology, #3230), p-STAT1 (T701) (Cell Signaling Technology, #7649), STAT1 (D1K9Y) (Cell Signaling Technology, #14994), p-STAT2 (T690) (Cell Signaling Technology, #4441), STAT2 (D9J7L) (Cell Signaling Technology, #72604), PARP (46D11) (Cell Signaling Technology, #9532), DNMT3B (D7070) (Cell Signaling Technology, #67259), DNMT1 (Proteintech., 24206-1-AP), DNMT3A (Proteintech., 19366-1-AP), ubiquitin (Proteintech., 10201-1-AP), UHRF1(Proteintech., 21402-1-AP), flag (Abmart, M20008L) and β-actin (Proteintech.,66009-1-Ig).
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