Hydrogen peroxide (30%) and L-Ascorbic acid were from Sigma Aldrich (St-Louis, MO, USA). Ammonium iron(III) sulfate dodecahydrate was from Merck Millipore. Heme (Ferriprotoporphyrin IX chloride) was purchased from Porphyrin Products, Inc (Logan, UT, USA) and prepared by dissolving in dimethyl sulfoxide (Sigma-Aldrich). Haptoglobin (Hp) was from pooled human plasma (Sigma-Aldrich).
Ammonium iron 3 sulfate dodecahydrate
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Ammonium iron(III) sulfate dodecahydrate is a chemical compound with the formula (NH4)Fe(SO4)2·6H2O. It is a crystalline solid that is used as a reagent in various laboratory applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Nα benzoyl l arginine ethyl ester, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Thiosemicarbazide, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Ammonium iron 2 sulfate hexahydrate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
L ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hydrogen peroxide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ferrozine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 2 azino bis 3 ethylbenzthiazoline 6 sulfonic acid diammonium salt, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 3 butanedione monoxime, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Perchloric acid 70, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
L citrulline, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Quercetin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Trolox, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Bradford reagent, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dl dithiothreitol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (dpph), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Calcium chloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
11 protocols using ammonium iron 3 sulfate dodecahydrate
1
Heme-Haptoglobin Interaction Analysis
2
Comprehensive Antioxidant and Enzymatic Assays
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All chemicals and solvents used were of analytical or HPLC grade. Ascorbic acid, Folin-Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent, gallic acid, calcium chloride, perchloric acid 70%, ammonium iron (III) sulfate dodecahydrate, ferrous ammonium sulfate hexahydrate and ortho-phosphoric acid 99% were purchased from Merck (Germany). Other chemicals such as 2,2′-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) reagent, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) reagent, Ferrozine, Trolox, quercetin, Nα-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester (BAEE), DL-Dithiothreitol (DTT), 2,3-butanedione monoxime, L-citrulline, Bradford reagent and chloro-amidine were procured from Sigma-Aldrich (USA).
3
Yeast Growth Assay Protocols
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All growth assays were repeated at least three times. Unless otherwise indicated, all cultures were started overnight in 5 mL YPD and then transferred the following day to the specified media. Growth was at 30°C unless otherwise noted. YPD (YEP + glucose), YEP + glycerol, YEP + ethanol, and SC media were prepared as previously described (Burke et al. 2000 ). Yeast nitrogen base (catalog no. 1501-250), yeast nitrogen base lacking iron (catalog no. 1551-100), and the amino acids mixes were from Sunrise Science. The iron chelator BPS was from Sigma-Aldrich (catalog no. 146617-1G). For the experiments in Figure 3 , ammonium iron(III) sulfate dodecahydrate was from Sigma Aldrich (catalog no. 221260-25G). Glucose levels were measured using a glucose (HK) assay kit (Sigma-Aldrich catalog no. GAHK20-1KT) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
For growth assays on solid media, fivefold serial dilutions of S. cerevisiae cells were made in a 96-well plate starting with OD600= 0.6. These were then spotted on the indicated media and incubated at 30°C (unless otherwise indicated).
Liquid growth assays were performed either in 96-well plates in a Synergy MX automated microplate reader or in test tubes.
For growth assays on solid media, fivefold serial dilutions of S. cerevisiae cells were made in a 96-well plate starting with OD600= 0.6. These were then spotted on the indicated media and incubated at 30°C (unless otherwise indicated).
Liquid growth assays were performed either in 96-well plates in a Synergy MX automated microplate reader or in test tubes.
4
Purification and Characterization of Peptidylarginine Deiminases
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Dithiothreitol
(DTT), 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic
acid (HEPES), ammonium iron(III) sulfate dodecahydrate, tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine
(TCEP), and thiosemicarbazide were acquired from Sigma–Aldrich.
Diacetylmonooxime (DAMO), N-α-benzoyl-l -arginine ethyl ester (BAEE), and N-α-benzoyl-l -arginine amide (BAA) were obtained from Acros. Detailed synthetic
procedures are described in theSupporting Information . PAD1, -2, -3, and -4 were purified analogously to previously described
methods.35 (link),57 (link)
(DTT), 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic
acid (HEPES), ammonium iron(III) sulfate dodecahydrate, tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine
(TCEP), and thiosemicarbazide were acquired from Sigma–Aldrich.
Diacetylmonooxime (DAMO), N-α-benzoyl-
procedures are described in the
methods.35 (link),57 (link)
5
Comprehensive Metabolite Profiling with HPLC-MS
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All reagents and solvents were used as received without further processing. Acetone, concentrated hydrochloric acid, phloroglucinol, sodium sulfite, glycerol, ammonium iron (III) sulfate dodecahydrate and (+)-catechin hydrate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Methanol, dichloromethane, absolute ethanol, 1-butanol, ascorbic acid and anhydrous sodium acetate were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Hampton, VA, USA). Choline chloride, betaine, proline and (D)-glucose were purchased from Acros Organics (Waltham, MA, USA). Urea and DL-malic acid were purchased from VWR (Radnor, PA, USA). Toyopearl HW-40S resin was acquired from Tosoh (Tokyo, Japan). HPLC-grade water, acetonitrile and formic acid were acquired from Fisher Scientific.
The High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) system was an Accela from Fisher Scientific with an Accela 600 LC pump and an Accela 80Hz Diode-Array detector (DAD). Chromatographic separation was carried out with a Hypersil GOLD C18 (2.1 × 100 mm with 1.9 µm particle size) column from Thermo Scientific. The MS system used for compound identification was a LCQ Fleet ion trap mass spectrometer from Thermo Finnigan with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source. Data acquisition was performed by using the Xcalibur data system from Thermo Finnigan (Waltham, MA, USA).
The High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) system was an Accela from Fisher Scientific with an Accela 600 LC pump and an Accela 80Hz Diode-Array detector (DAD). Chromatographic separation was carried out with a Hypersil GOLD C18 (2.1 × 100 mm with 1.9 µm particle size) column from Thermo Scientific. The MS system used for compound identification was a LCQ Fleet ion trap mass spectrometer from Thermo Finnigan with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source. Data acquisition was performed by using the Xcalibur data system from Thermo Finnigan (Waltham, MA, USA).
6
Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation
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AC was provided by Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica[17 (link)]. The Ammonium iron (III) sulfate dodecahydrate and Cholesterol were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). The growth medium De Man Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth were purchased from Difco (USA).
7
Daunorubicin Extraction from Navel Orange Peels
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In this study, deionized water was taken from a Millipore-Q water system (Burlington, MA, USA), while all reagents used were of analytical grade and used as purchased with no additional purification. Daunorubicin (DNB) was purchased from Biosynth® Carbosynth Ltd. (Compton, Berkshire, UK). Hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, ammonium iron (III) sulfate dodecahydrate (NH4Fe(SO4)2·12H2O), and ferrous ammonium sulfate hexahydrate (Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2·6H2O) were procured from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Navel orange peels were obtained from a juice store in Doha, Qatar.
8
Reagents for Arginine-Based Assays
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Dithiothreitol (DTT) was
acquired from Bioworld.
4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) was acquired
from Research Products International. Tris(2-carboxyethyl) phosphine
(TCEP) was acquired from AMRESCO. Ammonium iron(III) sulfate dodecahydrate,
diacetyl monooxime (DAMO), and thiosemicarbazide were acquired from
Sigma-Aldrich. Nα-Benzoyl-l -arginine
methyl ester (BAME) was obtained from MP Biomedicals. Nα-Benzoyl-l -arginine ethyl ester (BAEE) was acquired
from Sigma-Aldrich. Nα-Benzoyl-l -arginine
amide (BAA) was obtained from Pfaltz & Bauer. Nα-Benzoyl-l -arginine (BA) was obtained from Acros.
D2O and H218O (95%) were obtained
from Cambridge Isotopes.
acquired from Bioworld.
4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) was acquired
from Research Products International. Tris(2-carboxyethyl) phosphine
(TCEP) was acquired from AMRESCO. Ammonium iron(III) sulfate dodecahydrate,
diacetyl monooxime (DAMO), and thiosemicarbazide were acquired from
Sigma-Aldrich. Nα-Benzoyl-
methyl ester (BAME) was obtained from MP Biomedicals. Nα-Benzoyl-
from Sigma-Aldrich. Nα-Benzoyl-
amide (BAA) was obtained from Pfaltz & Bauer. Nα-Benzoyl-
D2O and H218O (95%) were obtained
from Cambridge Isotopes.
9
Synthesis and Characterization of Iron-based Nanomaterials
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Ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ) was used for all preparations. Ammonium hydroxide with known concentration (22% w/v) was purchased from Riedel-deHaen® Chemicals. Ammonium iron (II) sulfate hexahydrate ((NH4)2Fe(SO4)2·6H2O), ammonium iron(III) sulfate dodecahydrate (NH4Fe(SO4)2·12H2O), absolute ethanol (99%), dimethylformamide (DMF), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), and trimethyl ethoxysilane (TMS) were all analytical grade chemicals and were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Carbamate pesticides mixture #3 (M-CP83182A4-1 ML) and organophosphorus pesticides mixture (M-OPP16182K99-5ML) were from Chemservice GmbH (Worms, Germany).
10
Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocomposites
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6-Gingerol (> 98.0%, HPLC), Doxorubicin hydrochloride (98.0–102.0%, HPLC), calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (Ca(NO3)2·4H2O, 99%, ACS), diammonium hydrogen phosphate ((NH4)2HPO4, > 99.0%), ammonium iron(II) sulfate hexahydrate ((NH4)2Fe(SO4)2·6H2O, 99.0%, ACS), ammonium iron(III) sulfate dodecahydrate (NH4Fe(SO4)2·12H2O, 99.0%, ACS), ethanol (EtOH, > 99.8%, HPLC), methanol anhydrous (MeOH, 99.8%), alginic acid sodium salt (NaAlg, low viscosity), Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB, > 98%) and TWEEN®80 (Viscous liquid), and ammonium hydroxide solution (puriss. p.a., 25% NH3 in H2O) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, Bangalore, India. Polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG 200) was purchased from Merck Millipore Corporation, Darmstadt, Germany. Snakeskin dialysis tubing (MWCO 3.5 kDa) was purchased Thermo Fisher, Bangalore, India.
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