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22 protocols using rabbit anti phospho nf κb p65

1

Hepatic Protein Analysis via SDS-PAGE and ECL

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Hepatic lysates underwent homogenization with lyses buffer (Beyotime, China) and protein was quantified via Bradford assay (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA). Standard SDS-PAGE was used for protein assessment. Enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) plus detection reagent (Pierce, Rockford, IL) were used to measure immunoreactive bands, which underwent analysis with the Omega 16ic Chemiluminescence Imaging System (UltraLum, CA). Primary antibodies used in our research were as follows: rabbit anti-Phospho-IKKα/β (2697, Cell Signaling Technology, USA), β-actin (1: 1000, Sigma, USA), rabbit anti-Phospho-NF-κB p65 (3033, Cell Signaling Technology, USA), Bcl-2 (1: 1000, CST, 2876, USA), and BAX (1: 1000, CST, 2772S, USA).
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2

Molecular Mechanism of JT11 on LPS-Induced NF-κB Activation

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PBMCs from blood of healthy donors were seeded into 6-well plates at a density of 1 × 106 cells/mL, pretreated with 2 μM JT11 for 1 h, in presence or not of CB2R antagonist SR144528 1 μM, and stimulated with 100 ng/mL LPS (Sigma-Aldrich) for 1 h. Subsequently, cells were harvested and lysed in RIPA lysis buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4, 0.5% Triton X-100, 0.25% Nadeoxycholate, 0.1% SDS, 150 mM NaCl, 1mM EDTA and 5mM MgCl2, including proteases and phosphatases inhibitors). The total protein concentration in each sample was determined by Bradford assay. Protein lysates were analyzed in Western blot as previously described using rabbit anti-phospho-ERK1/2 (Cell Signaling Technology) and rabbit anti-phospho-NF-κB-p65 (Cell Signaling Technology). Immunoreactivity was detected using the ECL Western blotting detection system. As a control for loading of preparation, membranes were stripped and reprobed with rabbit anti-total ERK1/2 (Cell Signaling Technology) or mouse anti-β-tubulin mAbs (Sigma-Aldrich). In parallel experiments membranes were stripped and reprobed with rabbit anti-NF-κB-p65 or with anti-β-actin mAb (Sigma-Aldrich). Densitometric analysis was performed on Mac OS X (Apple Computer International), using NIH Image 1.62 software. The density of each band (absolute value) in the same gel was analyzed.
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3

Protein Expression Analysis in Transfected Cells

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Transfected cells or grinded tumor tissues were lysed in modified RIPA buffer (50 mM Tris–HCl, pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl, 1% vol/vol NP-40, 1% n-Dodecyl β-D-maltoside, 0.25% wt/vol sodium deoxycholate, 1 mM DTT, and 1 × Roche complete Protease Inhibitor Cocktail) for 1 h at 4 ℃. The lysate was clarified by centrifugation for 20 min at 14,000 × g. The protein concentration was determined using a bicinchoninic acid assay and equal amounts of total protein from each of the samples was supplemented with 5 × SDS loading buffer, incubated at 95 ℃ for 5 min, subjected to SDS-PAGE, followed by western blot analysis. The following antibodies were used: rabbit anti-β-actin (Affinity; 1:5000), rabbit anti- AMPKα (Cell Signaling Technology; 1:1000), rabbit anti-Phospho-AMPKα (Cell Signaling Technology; 1:1000), mouse anti-E-cadherin (Cell Signaling Technology; 1:1000), rabbit anti-N-cadherin (Elabscience; 1:1000), rabbit anti-MMP3 (Proteintech; 1:1000), rabbit anti-GLI1 (Cell Signaling Technology; 1:1000), rabbit anti-GLI2 (NOVAS; 1:1000), goat anti-GLI3 (R&D; 1:1000), mouse anti-IκBα (Cell Signaling Technology; 1:1000), rabbit anti-NF-κB p65 (Cell Signaling Technology; 1:1000) and rabbit anti-Phospho-NF-κB p65 (Cell Signaling Technology; 1:1000).
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4

Western Blot Analysis of Signaling Pathways

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The cells were washed twice with ice‐cold PBS and solubilized in lysis buffer supplemented with phosphatase (Roche) and protease inhibitor cocktails (Cell Signaling Technology). Cells were further lysed by sonication (TOMY Seiko), and lysates were clarified by centrifugation at 14 000 RCF for 10 min at 4°C. Supernatants were collected, and protein concentrations were determined with the Pierce BCA Protein Assay Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific). The supernatants were boiled in samples buffer containing 0.125 M Tris–HCl (pH 6.8), 40% glycerol, 4% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 0.2 M dithiothreitol, and 0.01% bromophenol blue, subjected to SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane. Membranes were probed with primary antibody followed by the appropriate horseradish peroxidase‐conjugated secondary antibody. Using Immobilon Western Chemiluminescent HRP Substrate (Millipore), bands were detected by chemiluminescence and imaged using a LAS‐4000 Imaging System (Fujifilm). The antibodies used were as follows: Rabbit anti‐Phospho‐NF‐κB p65 (Cell Signaling; #3033), Rabbit anti‐NF‐κB p65 (Cell Signaling; #8242), Rabbit anti‐IκBα (Cell Signaling; #4812), Rabbit anti‐Phospho‐Smad1/5 (Cell signaling; #9516), Rabbit anti‐Smad1 (Cell signaling; #6944), Anti‐GAPDH‐HRP (MBL; #M171‐7), Goat Anti‐Rabbit HRP (Jackson ImmunoResearch; #111‐035‐144).
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5

Protein Expression Analysis Protocol

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Protein samples were separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred onto PVDF membranes (Millipore, USA). Primary antibodies were: rabbit phospho-AMPKα (Thr172) (1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology, USA), mouse anti-AMPK (1:1000; Proteintech, USA), rabbit anti-Bax (1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology, USA), rabbit anti-Bcl-2 (1:500; Cell Signal Technology, USA), rabbit anti-Sirtin1(1:1000, Millipore, USA), rabbit anti-COX2 (1:1000; Abcam, USA), rabbit anti-GFAP (1:1000; Dako, Japan), mouse anti-β-actin (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA), mouse anti-NF-κB p65 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA), and rabbit anti-phospho-NFκB p65 (1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology, USA). Protein bands were detected with an Odyssey infrared imaging system (Li-Cor, USA).
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6

Protein Extraction and Western Blot Analysis

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RIPA lysis buffer containing phosphorylase inhibitors, cocktails, and PMSF was used to digest tissue for protein extraction. Western blotting was performed as described previously [26 (link)]. The following primary antibodies were used: rabbit anti-NR1D1 (ab174309, Abcam), rabbit anti-NR1D1 (14506-1-AP, Proteintech), rabbit anti-tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) (25859-1-AP, Proteintech), rabbit anti-IBA1 (10904-1-AP, Proteintech), mouse anti-GFAP (60190-1-Ig, Proteintech), rabbit anti-NF-κB p65 (#8242, Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti-phospho-NF-κB p65 (#3033, Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti-NLRP3 (BA3677, BOSTER), mouse anti-ASC (sc-514414, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), rabbit anti-caspase-1 (22915-1-AP, Proteintech), rabbit anti-IL-1β (A16288, ABclone), rabbit anti-IL6 (A0286, ABclone), mouse anti-actin (66009-1-Ig, Proteintech), mouse anti-TNF Alpha (60291-1-Ig, Proteintech), rabbit anti-iNOS (22226-1-AP, Proteintech), rabbit anti-IL-18 (10663-1-AP, Proteintech), mouse anti-Arginase-1 (66129-1-Ig, Proteintech), rabbit anti-CD163 (16646-1-AP, Proteintech), rat anti-CD68 (MCA1957, BIO-RAD), Anti-Alpha-synuclein (ab138501, Abcam).
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7

Molecular Analysis of Signaling Pathways

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qPCR and Western blot were performed as previously reported 19 (link). qPCR was carried out using the Hairpin-itTM microRNA qPCR Quantitation Kit (GenePharma, Shanghai, China) and LightCycler 96 (Roche, Germany). U6 snRNA was used as an internal control for miR-92b, and the mRNA levels of PTEN, TNF-α and IL-6 were normalized to GAPDH. The 2-ΔΔCt method was employed to calculate relative expression of each gene. For Western blot analysis, the protein blots were incubated with following antibodies: rabbit anti-TLR4 (1:1000, 7074, Cell Signaling Technology, USA), rabbit anti-phospho-NF-κB p65 (1:1000, 3033, Cell Signaling Technology, USA), rabbit anti-NF-κB p65 (1:1000, 4764, Cell Signaling Technology, USA), rabbit anti-β-actin (1:1000, 4970, Cell Signaling Technology, USA), rabbit anti-Bax (1:200, bs-0127R, Bioss, China), rabbit anti-Bcl-2 (1:200, bs-4563R, Bioss, China), rabbit anti-phospho-PI3K (1:200, bs-3332R, Bioss, China), rabbit anti-PI3K (1:1000, ab227204, Abcam, USA), rabbit anti-phospho-AKT (1:1000, ab8932, Abcam, USA), rabbit anti-AKT (1:500, GB111114, Servicebio, China), rabbit anti-β-catenin (1:5000, ab196204, Abcam, USA). The optical density (OD) value of each protein band was quantified using the Image-Pro Plus 6.0 (IPP 6.0) software (Media Cybernetics Inc., USA) and normalized to β-actin.
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8

Inflammasome and α-Synuclein Regulation

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Dulbecco's Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS) and other cell culture reagents, goat anti-mouse- AlexaFluor594 (H + L) antibody, goat anti-rabbit-AlexaFluor488 (H + L) antibody and rabbit IgG isotype control antibody were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Invitrogen). si-m-PYCARD/ASC RNAs were obtained from Guangzhou RiboBio Co., Ltd. Mouse anti-NLRP3 (Cat# AG-20B-0014), mouse anti-caspase-1 (Cat# AG-20B-0042) and rabbit anti-ASC (Cat# AG-25B-0006) were purchased from AdipoGen Life Sciences. Rabbit anti-α-synuclein (Cat# 4179), rabbit anti-Phospho-α-synuclein (Cat# 23706), rabbit anti-phospho-NF-κB p65 (Cat# 3033) and mouse anti-IL-1β (Cat# 12242) were purchased form Cell Signaling Technology. rabbit anti-ASC (Cat# YT0365) was purchased from ImmunoWay Biotechnology. Mouse anti-Phospho-α-synuclein (Cat# pSyn #64) and rabbit anti-IBA1 (Cat# 019-19741) were purchased from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation. Mouse anti-α-synuclein (Cat# sc-12767) and mouse anti-GSDMD (Cat# sc-393581) was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. Rabbit anti-NF-κB p65 (Cat# ab16502), goat anti-IBA1 (Cat# ab5076) and rabbit anti-GSDMD (Cat# ab219800) were purchased from Abcam. Rabbit anti-IL18 (Cat# A1115) was purchased from ABclonal. Rabbit anti-tyrosine hydroxylase (Cat# AB152) was purchased from Merck Millipore.
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9

Protein Analysis of Synovial Fibroblasts

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Protein was collected from different treated synovial fibroblasts. The concentrations of protein were measured with the BCA protein assay. As previously described,22 (link) equal amounts of each protein were loaded on a 10% SDS-PAGE gels, and then transferred electrically to PVDF membranes (Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA). After blocking for 2 h in 5% skim milk in TBST buffer at room temperature, the membranes were incubated with corresponding primary antibodies at 4°C for overnight, respectively, including rabbit anti-MMP13 (1:1000, 18165-1-AP; Proteintech, Wuhan, China), rabbit anti-ADAMTS5 (1:1000, ab41037, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), rabbit anti-phospho-NF-κB p65 (1:1000, 3033; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA) and NF-κB p65 (1:1000, 8242; Cell Signaling Technology). Then, PVDF membranes were incubated with HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibody, and proteins were detected by a chemiluminescence ECL system (Advansta, San Jose, CA, USA) and quantitatively analyzed and normalized relative to β-actin using Image-J software.
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10

Protein Isolation and Western Blot Analysis

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Total protein was isolated from cultured cells using radioimmunoprecipitation assay lysis buffer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) at 4 ​°C for 30 ​min. Lysates were centrifuged at 12,000×g for 20 ​min, and the supernatants were collected. Proteins were separated via 8% sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred to 0.22-μm polyvinylidene difluoride membranes (Millipore, USA). The membranes were blocked with 5% skim milk for 1 ​h and incubated at 4 ​°C overnight with the primary antibodies rabbit anti–NF–κB p65 (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology, USA), rabbit anti-phospho–NF–κB p65 (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology, USA), rabbit anti-inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (1:1000, Affinity Biosciences, China), rabbit anti-CD86 (1:1000, Abcam, USA) and rabbit anti-GAPDH (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology, USA). After washing, the membranes were incubated with the appropriate horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies for 1 ​h. Bands were visualized using an electrochemical luminescence reagent and the ChemiDoc XRS imaging system (Bio-Rad, USA).
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