Eego amplifier

EEG data acquisition was accomplished using a computer running Eego software and using an Eego amplifier (ANT Neuro, Enschede, Netherlands). EEG was recorded using an elastic cap with 32 tin electrodes arranged according to the 10–20 System (Fp1, Fpz, Fp2, F7, F3, Fz, F4, F8, FC5, FC1, FC2, FC6, T7, C3, Cz, C4, T8, CP5, CP1, CP2, CP6, P7, P3, Pz, P4, P8, POz, O1, Oz, O2, and M1 and M2 [mastoids]), referenced online to CPz^{33 (link)}. Both vertical and horizontal electrooculograms (EOGs) were recorded using a bipolar montage to monitor eye movements and eye-blinks. The electrode pairs were placed at the supra- and suborbit of the right eye and at the external canthi of the eyes, respectively^{33 (link)}. Electrode impedance was kept below 10 kΩ. The EEG and EOG signals were amplified with Eego amplifier (ANT Neuro, Enschede, Netherlands), bandpass filtered (0.3–40 Hz), and digitized at 1000 Hz.

Apparatus and physiological recording is similar to those described in previous studies conducted in our laboratory^{15 (link),81 (link)}. Physiological measures were recorded in a standardized fashion using a computer running eego™ software and an eego amplifier (ANT Neuro, Enschede, Netherlands). The electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded using an elastic cap with 32 tin electrodes arranged according to the 10–20 System (Fp1, Fpz, Fp2, F7, F3, Fz, F4, F8, FC5, FC1, FC2, FC6, T7, C3, Cz, C4, T8, CP5, CP1, CP2, CP6, P7, P3, Pz, P4, P8, POz, O1, Oz, O2, and M1 and M2 [mastoids]), referenced online to CPz. Vertical and horizontal electrooculograms (EOGs) were recorded using a bipolar montage. Electrodes were placed at the supra- and suborbit of the right eye and the external canthi of the eyes. Electrode impedance was kept below 10 kΩ. The EEG and EOG signals were amplified, bandpass filtered (0.3–40 Hz), and digitized at 1000 Hz.
The electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded using Ag/AgCl surface electrodes that were positioned on the participant's chest in a modified lead II configuration. The ECG signal was amplified, band-pass filtered (0.3–100 Hz), and stored on a Core 2 Quad computer. The ECG was sampled at 1000 Hz and the electrode impedance was kept below 5 kΩ.

EEG signals were recorded at a sampling rate of 512 Hz using an EEGO amplifier (ANT-neuro, Enschede, Netherlands). Sixty-three active shielded Ag/AgCl electrodes were used with reference and ground electrodes located at CPz and AFz, respectively. The electrode positions were according to the International 10–5 system and were located over frontal, central, parietal and occipital areas. The electrode layout is displayed in Fig. 1 of Supplementary Material. EEG data analyses were performed using MATLAB 2019b (The MathWorks), and we utilized the EEGLAB toolbox^{50 (link)} and Berlin Brain-Computer Interface (BBCI) toolbox⁵¹ for electrophysiological analysis.
A Myo armband (Thalmic Labs Inc, Kitchener, Canada) was used to detect the movement onset by measuring the acceleration simultaneously with EEG data. The armband was mounted on the subject’s right arm, and acceleration data were sampled at 50 Hz. EEG signals and accelerator data were synchronized using the lab streaming layer (LSL) protocol⁵² .