Fei nova nano 450

The melting point was measured on an XT-4 binocular microscope (Beijing Taike Instruments Co., Ltd., Beijing, China), without calibration. ¹H, ¹³C and ¹⁹F were obtained by using a 500 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) instrument (JEOL-ECX500, Japan Electronics Co., Tokyo, Japan). High-resolution mass spectra (HRMS) were obtained by using a Thermo Scientific Q Exactive Hybrid Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer (Thermo Scientific, St. Louis, MO, USA). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) data were obtained on FEI Nova Nano 450 (FEI Co., Hillsboro, OR, USA). The cell permeability was measured on the conductivity meter, Leici DDSJ-3O8F (Shanghai Instrument & Electric Science Instrument Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China), and the cell leakage was recorded on the N-5000 ultraviolet spectrophotometer (Shanghai Yoke Instrument Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China). The reagents and solvents used in the experiment were purchased from Shanghai Titan Chemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China), Beijing Solarbio Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China) and Tianjin Zhiyuan Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China). All reagents and solvents used were analytical grade, and they were directly used without further purification or drying.

The specimens were exposed to heat treatment in a high-temperature furnace at 850 °C (2 h) and 1100 °C (100 h). The recrystallization morphology of the specimens was observed by an FEI Novanano450 field-emission scanning electron microscope (SEM), (FEI Company, Hillsboro, OR, USA). In particular, the relationship between the recrystallization counts and the recrystallization depth versus the grit-blasting pressure was analyzed. The elemental distribution of the cross-sections of the alloys was examined via energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) (FEI Company, Hillsboro, OR, USA).