Dntp dutp mix

Total RNA was extracted from each sample with an RNeasy Plant Mini kit (Qiagen), in which the first reagent of the kit (Buffer RLC) was added to the frozen tissue, and ground using a mortar and pestle. For each stage/tissue, 50 μg of total RNA were sent to the Joint Genome Institute (JGI). At JGI, mRNA was purified from total RNA using Absolutely mRNA™ purification kit (Stratagene) and chemically fragmented to 200-250bp (Ambion). mRNA was reverse transcribed with SuperScript II using random hexamers. Second strand cDNA was synthesized using dNTP/dUTP mix (Thermo Scientific), E. coli DNA Ligase, E. coli DNA polymerase I, and E coli RnaseH (Invitrogen). The fragments were treated with end-repair, A- tailing, and ligation of adaptors using the Illumina Truseq DNA Sample Prep Kit (Illumina). Second strand cDNA was removed by AmpErase UNG (Applied Biosystems) to generate strandedness similar to the method described by Parkhomchuk et al. [29 (link)] and enriched with 10 cycles of PCR to generate the final library. qPCR was used to determine the concentration of the libraries. Libraries were sequenced on the Illumina Hiseq, producing paired end reads R1 and R2 from each sample (fastq) with 100 bp in each read.

The TLH gene (GenBank No. M36437) of VP was chosen to be the target sequences for amplification. Three sets of primers targeting the TLH gene were designed using Primer Explorer V5. Details of the LAMP primers are listed in Table 1. Three independent replicates were performed for every set, in which the mean of the experimental results was taken as the true value and the standard variance was set as the error bar.
The LAMP assay was conducted at 65 °C for 30 min. The 25 µL reaction mixture consisted of 1 × Thermol Buffer (New England Biolabs Inc., Ipswich, MA, USA), 2 mM MgSO₄ (New England Biolabs Inc., Ipswich, MA, USA), 16 U Bst DNA polymerase (New England Biolabs Inc., Ipswich, MA, USA), 0.35 mM dNTP/dUTP Mix (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA), primer mixtures (1.6 mM FIP, 1.6 mM BIP, 0.2 mM 35S-F3, 0.2 mM B3, 0.4 mM LF, and 0.4 mM LB), 0.8 M Betaine (Sigma-Aldrich Co., LLC. St Louis, MO, USA), and 2 µL DNA solution. A real-time LAMP reaction was carried out in a QuantStudio™3 Real-Time PCR System (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) and added with 2 µM SYTO 9 (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA).