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5 protocols using α tubulin primary antibody

1

Quantifying Mitotic Catastrophe in Cells

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Cells grown in two-well chamber slides were fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin, permeabilized with 0.2% Triton X-100 in PBS, and blocked with 5% goat serum, 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA), and 0.5% Tween-20 in PBS. The cytoplasm was stained by an overnight incubation with α-tubulin primary antibody (Cell Signaling Technology #2125) at 4 °C, and then a 2 h, room temperature incubation with goat anti-rabbit IgG Alexa Fluor 488 antibody. Coverslips were mounted using ProLong Gold Antifade Mountant with DAPI to stain nuclei. Slides were imaged on a Zeiss Axio Imager 2 with a 63× objective. Mitotic catastrophe was scored in 50–100 cells per treatment group. Cells were scored positive for mitotic catastrophe if they contained micronuclei, one nucleus with two or more lobes, or multiple nuclei17 (link). Data presented are the mean ± SEM for three independent experiments. Statistical significance was calculated by Student’s t-test.
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2

Western Blot Analysis of Liver Tissue

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Liver tissues were homogenized in cold mammalian cell lysis buffer with protease and phosphatase inhibitor cocktails as described previously (32 (link)). Tissue lysates were then centrifuged and the resulting supernatants were used for immunoblot analyses. Ago2 primary antibody (36 ) and α-Tubulin primary antibody (37 ) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. PPARα primary antibody (38 ) was purchased from Santa Cruz. Antimouse immunoglobulin G (IgG) secondary antibody (39 ) was purchased from GE Life Sciences. Horseradish peroxidase–conjugated goat antirabbit IgG (H+L) secondary antibody (40 ) was purchased from Invitrogen.
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3

Evaluating Microtubule Dynamics with Albendazole

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Cal33 cells were seeded and grown on glass coverslips and exposed to DMSO-only, 100 nM, 500 nM or 1 μM albendazole treatments for 24 hours. Three replicates of each treatment were prepared. Cells were fixed to the coverslips using 100% methanol (pre-chilled at −20°C). Samples were blocked using 5% normal donkey serum (Wisent) in PBS. Cells were then incubated for 1 hour with α-tubulin primary antibody (1:50, Cell Signaling Technology Cat. ID 2125) at room temperature, then washed extensively with PBS. Alexa Fluor® 488 goat anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibody (1:1000, Molecular Probes, Inc.A-11008) was added to each slide and then incubated in the dark for 60 minutes. DAPI (Molecular Probes, Inc., 30 nM) was used for nuclear staining. Images were obtained under 40x magnification using an Olympus Provis AX70 microscope.
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4

Quantification of Protein Expression

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The concentration of protein samples was determined using a BCA kit. Protein samples were diluted in 5X SDS-PAGE and boiled at 100°C for 10 min. 30 μg of protein sample was resolved by 8% SDS polyacrylamide gels. After being transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride membrane, the blots were incubated at 4°C for 12 h with the anti-GFP antibody (1:1000, Cell Signal Technology) and α-tubulin primary antibody (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology). Finally, after incubation with secondary antibodies (1:5000, Beyotime), blots were analyzed by Kodak Digital Science1D software (East-man Kodak Co., New Haven, CT, United States).
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5

Western Blot Quantification of GFP

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We determined protein concentrations using a BCA kit and diluted the protein samples in 5X SDS-PAGE. We denatured the proteins in sample loading buffer (Beyotime) and boiled them for 10 min at 100 • C.
Then, we ran 30 μg protein samples in 10 % SDS polyacrylamide gels.
The proteins were then transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride membranes and incubated with an anti-GFP antibody (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology) and an α-tubulin primary antibody (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology) at 4 • C for 12 h. Finally, we incubated the blots with anti-rabbit secondary HRP-conjugated antibodies (1:5000, Beyotime) and analysed them with Kodak Digital Science1D software (Eastman Kodak Co., New Haven, CT).
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