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10 protocols using isorhamnetin 3 o rutinoside

1

Antioxidant Compound Sourcing and Characterization

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Caftaric acid, 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthioazolin-6-sulfonic acid, Trolox, butylated hydroxytoluene, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, fluorescein, 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane)dihydrochloride (AAPH), disodium phosphate, and sodium chloride were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint-Quentin-Fallavier, France). Potassium chloride and potassium persulfate were purchased from VWR (Fontenay-sous-Bois, France), and potassium dihydrogen phosphate was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Isoquercitrin, rutin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, and apigenin-7-O-glucoside were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France).
Ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ‧cm) was used for extraction and chromatography and was prepared using a Millipore Synergy system (Molsheim, France). Hydrochloric acid, acetonitrile (ACN), ethyl acetate, and ethanol (EtOH) were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France). Methanol (MeOH) and chloroform were obtained from Carlo Erba (Val-de-Reuil, France). Formic acid was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Quentin Fallavier, France).
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2

Analytical Protocols for Phytochemicals

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Acetonitrile (hypergrade for LC-MS), formic acid (for LC-MS) and methanol (analytical grade) were purchased from Merck, Sofia, Bulgaria. The authentic standards used for compound identification were obtained from Extrasynthese (Genay, France) for protocatechuic, p-hydroxyphenylacetic, vanillic, gentisic, ferulic, p-coumaric, o-coumaric acid, rutin, hyperoside, luteolin 7-O-rutinoside, luteolin 7-O-glucoside, isoquercitrin, kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside, isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside, apigenin 7-O-glucoside, quercetin, apigenin, luteolin, chrysoeriolq eupatilin and genkwanin. Caffeic, 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic, 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic and 3,4,5- tricaffeoylquinic acids were supplied by Phytolab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany). Chlorogenic acid and isorhamnetin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Diclofenac, silymarin, collagenase, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 2′-phosphate reduced tetrasodium salt (NADPH), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), bovine serum albumin (fraction V) and 2,2′-dinitro-5,5′dithiodibenzoic acid (DTNB) were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), glutathionereductase (GR) and cumene hydroperoxide were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (Taufkirchen, Germany).
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3

Quantification of Phenolic Compounds

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All solvents used (methanol, acetonitrile, acetic acid, water and ethyl acetate) were HPLC-grade and were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Protocatechuic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, chlorogenic acid, trans-p-coumaric acid, eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside, eriodictyol, naringenin, naringenin-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-galactoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, catechin and epicatechin were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Other chemicals were of analytical grade.
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4

Antioxidant Activity Assessment Protocol

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DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), formic acid, and pyrogallol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) was from Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA, USA), Folin–Ciocalteu reagent was purchased from Chem-lab (Zeldelgem, Belgium). Phenolic compounds (apigenin-7-O-glucoside, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, and rosmarinic acid) were from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Water was treated in a Milli-Q water purification system (TGI Pure Water Systems, Greenville, SC, USA). Other solvents and reagents were acquired from common sources.
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5

Phenolic Compound Analysis Protocol

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Acetonitrile, formic acid (both MS grade), Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, sodium carbonate, and hydrochloric acid were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) and methanol (HPLC grade) was purchased from Avantor (Gliwice, Poland). Quercetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, and kaempferol-7-O-glucoside were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid), 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picryl- hydrazyl (DPPH), and the rest of the phenolic compound standards listed in Table S1 were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Ultra-pure water (Thermo Fisher TKA MicroPure water purification system, 0.055 mS/cm) was used to prepare the standard solutions and blanks. Syringe filters (13 mm, PTFE membrane 0.45 mm) were purchased from Supelco (Bellefonte, Pennsylvania).
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6

Antioxidant Capacity Evaluation Methods

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TPTZ (2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine), ABTS (2,2′azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), potassium persulfate, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.4, FeCl3, acetate buffer at pH 3.6, methanol, were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). HCl, ascorbic acid and chloroform were supplied by POCH (Avantor, Gliwice, Poland).
Formic acid, methanol, 1-caffeoylquinic, 3-caffeoylquinic and 5-caffeoylquinic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Acetonitrile was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside, isorhamnetin 3-O-galactoside, quercetin 3-O-galactoside, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-rutinoside, (+)-catechin and procyanidin B2 were purchased from Extrasynthese (Lyon, France).
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7

Phenolic Compound Standards Characterization

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HPLC-grade acetonitrile was obtained from Merck KgaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Formic and acetic acids were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA USA). The phenolic compound standards (myricetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside and isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside) were from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). The cell lines HeLa, HEPG2, NCI-H460 and MCF-7 were purchased from Deutshe Sammlung von Mikroorganismen and Zellkulturen Gmbit (DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), hank’s balanced salt solution (HBSS), fetal bovine serum (FBS), l-glutamine, trypsin-EDTA, penicillin/streptomycin solution (100 U/mL and 100 mg/mL, respectively) were purchased from Gibco Invitrogen Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Water was treated in a Milli-Q water purification system (TGI Pure Water Systems, Greenville, SC, USA).
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8

Comprehensive Chemical Profiling of Bioactive Compounds

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The following were used in the study: Folin-Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent (Panreac), sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, ammonium acetate (Carlo Erba), sodium nitrite 98%, iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate, iron (III) chloride hexahydrate and 2,4,6-tri-(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TPTZ) 98%, (Alpha Aesar), anhydrous aluminum chloride, hydrochloric acid, n-butanol (Merck), Trolox 97% (Acros Organics), gallic acid, (+)-catechin, daidzein (Sigma Aldrich), cyanidine chloride, (−)-epicatechin, kaempferol-3-rutinoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside (Extrasynthese). All materials used had a high purity, above 95%.
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9

Peach Fruit Bioactive Compounds

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The standards of flavan-3-ols ((−)-epicatechin and procyanidins A2 and B2) and flavonols (keampferol-7-O-neohesperiodoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, hesperidin-7-rutinoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, and luteolin-7-glucoside) used to identify bioactive compounds in peach fruits were purchased from Extrasynthese (Lyon Nord, France). Chlorogenic and neochlorogenic acids and tetraterpenoids (β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and zeaxanthin) were provided by TRANS MIT GmbH (Giessen, Germany). All reagents for the determination of health-promoting properties by an in vitro assay (butyrylcholine chloride, dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO], acetylthiocholine iodide, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, p-nitrophenyl-α-d-glucopyranoside, starch, lipase, tacrine, acarbose, Trolox, ABTS, acetic acid, FeCl3, phloroglucinol, ascorbic acid, and 2,4,6-ripyridyl-s-triazine [TPTZ]) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). All solvents for the LC/MS analysis (acetonitrile and methanol) were also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
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10

Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds

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All reagents to determine of pro-health properties by in vitro (acetylthiocholine iodide, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, butyrylcholine chloride, DMSO, starch, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, p-nitrophenyl-α-dglucopyranoside, tacrine, acarbose) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Quercetin-3-O-glucoside, keampferol-7-O-neohhesperiodise, hesperidin-7-rutinoside, luteolin-7-glucoside and isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, (-)-epicatechin, procyanidins A2 and B2, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, amygdalin and prunasin were purchased from extrasynthese (Lyon Nord, France). Chlorogenic, neochlorogenic acids were supplied by TRANS MIT GmbH (Giessen, Germany). Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid), 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), acetic acid, FeCl 3 , phloroglucinol, ascorbic acid, TPTZ (2,4,6-tripyridyl-1,3,5triazine), acetonitrile, and methanol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany).
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