Right-sided heart catheterization (RHC) was performed using a Swan–Ganz catheter with standard technique [7 (link)], and during the procedure, several hemodynamic parameters were measured or calculated: pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP); systolic, diastolic, and mean pulmonary artery pressure; cardiac output (calculated by thermodilution method); cardiac index; SV (obtained by dividing cardiac output by heart rate); right atrial pressure; and PVR, calculated as: (mean pulmonary artery pressure—PAWP)/cardiac output.
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is the gold standard noninvasive method for RV functional assessment. We used MRI scans to obtain TAPSE as a reference method to echo TAPSE [5 (link)]. MRI imaging was performed with a 3T Biograph mMR hybrid system (Siemens, Healthcare Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany). Systolic function assessment was based on SSFP short axis images from the tricuspid valve insertion point to the apex to encompass the entire RV. MRI and RHC were performed within a median of 4 days (2–6 days) in the PAH group at baseline visit.
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is the gold standard noninvasive method for RV functional assessment. We used MRI scans to obtain TAPSE as a reference method to echo TAPSE [5 (link)]. MRI imaging was performed with a 3T Biograph mMR hybrid system (Siemens, Healthcare Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany). Systolic function assessment was based on SSFP short axis images from the tricuspid valve insertion point to the apex to encompass the entire RV. MRI and RHC were performed within a median of 4 days (2–6 days) in the PAH group at baseline visit.