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6 protocols using tri n octylphosphine

1

Synthesis of Nanomaterials Using Common Reagents

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Sulfur
powder (S, 99.99%), silver chloride
(AgCl, 99.9%), selenium powder (Se, 99.9%), and tri-n-octylphosphine
(TOP, 97%) were obtained from Strem Chemicals. Silver nitrate (AgNO3, 99%), gold(III) chloride trihydrate (HAuCl4·3H2O, ≥99.9%), oleylamine (OLAm, 70%), tri-n-octylphosphine
oxide (TOPO, 99%), sodium borohydride (NaBH4, 98%), tetrahydrofuran
(THF, 99%), octadecene (ODE, 90%), and toluene (99.9%), 11-mercaptoundecanoic
acid (MUA, 95%), and sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate were purchased
from Sigma-Aldrich. Ethanol (EtOH, 96%) and acetone (99.5%) were obtained
from Panreac.
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2

Synthesis of Colloidal Quantum Dots

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Tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO, 99%), tri-n-octylphosphine (TOP, 97%) and selenium (Se, 99.99%) were purchased from Strem Chemicals. Cadmium oxide (CdO, 99.99%), cadmium chloride (CdCl2, 99.99%), sulfur (S, 99.98%), ethanol, toluene and chloroform were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. N-octadecylphosphonic acid (ODPA) and n-hexylphosphonic acid (HPA) were purchased from Polycarbon Industries.
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3

Synthesis and Characterization of Folic Acid-Conjugated Quantum Dots

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All reagents were used as received from the suppliers without further purification. Cadmium oxide (CdO, 99.9%) was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA, USA). Tri-n-octylphosphine (TOP, 97%) was purchased from STREM Chemicals (Newburyport, MA, USA). Selenium (Se, 99.5%) was purchased from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Sulfur (S, 99%) and ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH, 27%) were purchased from Daejung (Siheung, Korea). Folic acid PEG amine (FA-PEG-NH2) was purchased from Nanocs Inc. (New York, NY, USA). Zinc acetate (Zn(OAc)2, 99.99%), oleic acid (OA, 90%), 1-octadecene (ODE, 90%), 1-octanethiol (98.5%), acetone (99.9%), 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA, 99%), 1-dodecanthiol (98%), chloroform (CHCl3, 99.5%), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) hydrochloride, N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (sulfo-NHS), phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4), TWEEN® 20, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). KB cell lines were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA). Fetal bovine serum and Roswell Park Memorial institute (RPMI) medium were purchased from Welgene (Daegu, Korea). Antibiotics (penicillin and streptomycin) were purchased from Gibco (Grand Island, NY, USA). Mounting medium containing 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) was purchased from Vectashield (Burlingame, CA, USA).
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4

Synthesis of Colloidal Nanocrystals

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Copper(I) iodide (CuI, ≥ 99.5%), iron(III)
acetylacetonate (Fe(acac)3, ≥ 99.9%), 1-octadecene
(ODE, technical grade, 90%), oleylamine (OLAM, technical grade, 70%),
and 1-dodecanethiol (DT, ≥ 98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
Tri-n-octylphosphine (TOP, 97%) was procured from Strem Chemicals.
α-Methoxy-ω-mercapto polyethylene glycol (SH-PEG-OCH3, MW: 2000 g mol–1) was purchased from Rapp
Polymere. Anhydrous chloroform, methanol, and isopropanol were purchased
from Carlo Erba reagents. All chemicals were used as received. A Milli-Q
Millipore system was used for the purification of water (resistivity
≥ 18 MΩ cm).
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5

Synthesis of Organometallic Precursors

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Oleylamine (OlNH2) >96% prim. amine, 80%–90% C18 content) was purchased from Acros Organics, dried over CaH2 and consequently vacuum distilled. Anhydrous and N2‐flushed toluene, ethanol, n‐octane and N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) in acroseal bottles were purchased from Acros Organics. Tris(diethylamino)phosphine (DEA3P, 97%), indium(III) chloride (>99.999%), n‐butylamine n‐BuNH2 and 3‐mercapto‐1,2‐propanediol (MPD) were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich. n‐Butylamine was dried over CaH2, distilled, and flushed with N2 before use. Trisdimethylaminoarsine ((DMA3As), 99%) and tri‐n‐octylphosphine (minimum 97%) were ordered from Strem Chemicals.
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6

Synthesis and Purification of Functionalized Nanoparticles

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Reagents were obtained from commercial suppliers (Sigma Aldrich, Acros Organics, Fisher Scientific, Strem Chemicals and Rapp polymere) were used without further purification. Silver chloride (AgCl, 99.9%), selenium powder (Se, 99.99%), and tri-noctylphosphine (TOP, 97%) were obtained from Strem Chemicals. Lipoic acid, Poly ethylene glycol 3000 Da, Triethylamine, Gold (III) chloride trihydrate (HAuCl4•3H2O, ≥99.9%), tetraoctylammonium bromide (TOAB, 98%), tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO, 99%), Oleylamine (OLAm, 70%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
As solvents, Milli-Q water (18.2 MΩ, filtered with a filter pore size of 0.22 μM) from Millipore, toluene, isopropanol, ethanol, acetone, hexane, and anhydrous tetrahydrofuran were used (HPLC grade, Acros Organics). Purification of the water-soluble nanoparticles from free reagents was performed on centrifuge filters PALL with a molecular cut-off of 100 kDa (4000 rpm 20 min).
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