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5 protocols using 3 3 dipropyl thiadicarbocyanine iodide disc3 5

1

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

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Poly-L-Lysine was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Sant-Quentin Fallavier, France) and reconstituted at 1 mM in PBS (phosphate buffered saline [137 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl, 8.1 mM Na2HPO4, 1.5 mM KH2PO4, pH 7.2–7.4, 0.2 μm filtered]. Ceftazidime, imipenem/cilastatin, and gentamicin sulfate salt were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Sant-Quentin Fallavier, France). 3,3′ Dipropyl thiadicarbocyanine iodide (DiSC3(5)) was obtained from Molecular Probes, Inc. (Eugene, OR, USA).
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2

TP4 Peptide Synthesis and Characterization

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TP4 (FIHHIIGGLFSAGKAIHRLIRRRRR) and its derived peptides were synthesized by Kelowna International Scientific Inc. (Taipei, Taiwan) with more than 95% purity and their molecular weights were verified by mass spectrum analysis. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Streptavidin gel was purchased from GE Healthcare (Uppsala, Sweden). Sodium N-dodecanoylsarcosinate (sarkosyl) was supplied by Wako Pure Chem. (Osaka, Japan). 1-ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl] carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) was purchased from Thermo Fisher (St. Waltham, MA, USA). 3,3’-dipropylthiadicarbocyanine iodide (DiSC3(5)) was obtained from Molecular Probes (OR, USA). Dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) was purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc. Crystal violet, MnCl2 and 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Inc. Dodecylphosphocholine-d38 (DPC) and D2O were supplied by Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc.
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3

Measuring E. coli Membrane Potential

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The membrane potential of E. coli grown in LB glycerol broth and subcultured in MOPS minimal media containing 0.4% glucose or 0.4% casamino acids to an OD600 of 0.5 was measured with the fluorescent probe 3,3′-dipropylthiadicarbocyanine iodide [DiSC3(5)] (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR) as described (16 (link)), except that the measurements were made directly in MOPS media without dilution. Selected samples were treated in 1-ml aliquots with 250 μM PAPA NONOate, 750 μM spermine NONOate, or 50 μM CCCP, and DiSC3(5) was added to a final concentration of 2 μM from a stock solution made in ethanol. DiSC3(5) was allowed to equilibrate in the cells for 5 min at 30°C before fluorescence measurements were collected in a Synergy 2 microtiter plate reader (BioTek, Winooski, VT) using excitation and emission wavelengths of 650 and 675 nm, respectively.
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4

Targeted Nanoparticle Delivery for Glioma Treatment

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Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (50/50) with terminal carboxylate groups (PLGA; inherent viscosity, 0.55-0.75dl/g in hexafluoroisopropanol; MW:~ 44 kDa) was obtained from Absorbable Polymers International (Pelham, AL, USA). Hydrogenated L-α-phosphatidylcholine (Soy) (HSPC, MW: 762) and DSPE-PEG-Mal (1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[maleimide(polyethylene glycol) -2000]) were obtained from Avanti (Alabaster, AL). The peptide RVG with cysteine at the C-terminus (YTIWMPENPRPGTPCDIFTNSRGKRASNGGGGC, HS-RVG) was synthesized by RS Synthesis (USA) Ltd. Paclitaxel (PTX), Rhodamine 6G (Sigma-Aldrich), β-Mercaptoethanol (βME) and tetramethylrhodamine-5-maleimide (TRM) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich and 3,3'-Dipropylthiadicarbocyanine Iodide (DiSC3(5) was from Molecular Probes.
Bone marrow cells were isolated from the femur of Balb/C mouse and differentiated to macrophages with 500-1000 U/mL macrophage colony stimulating factor (MCSF). Human glioma U87 cells and embryonic mouse hippocampal neurons were purchased from ATCC. The U87 cells were transfected with green fluorescence (GFP-U87) to appear green fluorescence signals. For fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and uptake and release experiments cells were collected from six-well plate with around 80% confluency. For MTT assay, cells were collected from ninety-six-well plate with around 80% confluency.
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5

Fmoc-based Peptide Synthesis and Membrane Assay

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N-α-fluoren-9-yl-methoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) amino acids with orthogonal side chain protecting groups and Fmoc-Lys(Fmoc)-OH (for the dimeric peptides) were purchased from Novabiochem (Läufelfingen, Switzerland).
For peptide synthesis, reagents and solvents were purchased from Applied Biosystems (Foster City, CA, USA). After RP-HPLC purification (above 99% purity), the correct molecular weights were confirmed by MALDI-TOF-MS (Shimadzu, Japan). Phospholipids were obtained from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA). A membrane potential-sensitive fluorescent dye, 3,3′dipropylthiadicarbocyanine iodide [DiSC3(5)] was purchased from Molecular Probes, Inc. (Eugene, OR, USA). Microorganisms were purchased from the Korean Collection for Type Cultures (Daejon, Korea).
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