A composite standard solution of 18 PAHs including acenaphthene(ANA), acenaphthylene (ANY), benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF), benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF), benzo(g,h,i)perylene (BPE), chrysene (CHR), fluoranthene (FLT), fluorene (FLU), naphthalene (NAP), phenanthrene (PHE), anthracene (ANT), benzo(a)- anthracene (BEA), benzo(j)fluoranthene (BjF), benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), benzo(e)pyrene (BeP), bibenzo(a,h)anthracene (BaA), indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (IPY) and pyrene (PYR) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA), each at a concentration of 1000 μg·mL−1. N-hexane and acetonitrile were obtained from Chongqing Xinyu Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (China), both with an analytical grade.
Benzo a anthracene
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Benzo(a)anthracene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon used as a laboratory standard and reference material. It is a crystalline solid with a melting point of 161-162°C.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Benzo a pyrene, by Merck Group (9 mentions)
Fluoranthene, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Benzo b fluoranthene, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Chrysene, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Benzo k fluoranthene, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Naphthalene, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Phenanthrene, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Acenaphthylene, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Pyrene, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Anthracene, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Acenaphthene, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Fluorene, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Indeno 1 2 3 cd pyrene, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Benzo j fluoranthene, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Benzo e pyrene, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Chrysene d12, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Direct q 3 uv ultrapure water system, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ammonium peroxydisulfate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Diammonium hydrogen phosphate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
10 protocols using benzo a anthracene
1
Comprehensive PAH Standard Solution Analysis
2
Analysis of PAHs in Minced Pork
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The refrigerated minced pork meat was bought from a local supermarket (Cluj-Napoca, Romania), with a fat content of under 20%. The tobacco used in the experiments is Silverado Blue Extra Volume tobacco, which is a voluminous tobacco, of superior quality, that was cut into strands and purchased from specialty stores. The tobacco does not contain artificial flavors and the strength is medium to strong. Hexane, acetonitrile gradient grade are from VWR (Fontenay-sous-Bois, France). Sodium hydroxide, pure pellets, from Merck(Darmstadt, Germany) and chlorhydric acid are from LGC Promochem (Wesel, Germany). PAHs Mix (naphthalene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, indeno (1,2,3-cd)pyrene) 10 µg/mL each in acetonitrile are from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ/cm) obtained from a Millipore Direct-Q3 UV Ultrapure water system (Millipore, Molsheim, France) was used.
3
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Analysis
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In this study, benzo[a]pyrene (99.2%), phenanthrene (99.8%), naphthalene (99.9%), fluoranthene (99.3%), benzo[a]anthracene (99.2%), calcium chloride (CaCl2) (98%), diammonium hydrogen phosphate ((NH4)2HPO4) (99%), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) (98%), ammonium peroxydisulfate ((NH4)2S2O8) (99%), acetic acid (99.8%), hydrochloric acid (98%), sodium hydroxide (98%), and aniline (99%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich and used without any purification. Also, high purity nitrogen (99.99%) was obtained from Raham Company (Tehran, Iran).
4
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Analysis in Gochujang
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Gochujang (Sunchang Gochujang; Chungjungone, Seoul, Korea) used in this study was
composed of brown rice (20.4%), red pepper powder (3%), and red
pepper seasoning (red pepper powder [8.3%], sea salt, garlic, and onion)
with soybeans, alcohol, yeast powder, starch syrup, brown glutinous rice flour,
sea salt, and isomaltooligosaccharide. Folin-Ciocalteu phenol reagent was
purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). All solvents and chemicals
used for PAH analysis were high-performance liquid chromatography grade. PAH
standards (naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene,
anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene,
benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene,
indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, and benzo[g,h,i]perylene) and
internal standard (ISTD) solution mix (naphthalene-d8,
acenaphthene-d10, phenanthrene-d10,
chrysene-d12, and perylene-d12) were purchased from
Sigma-Aldrich. All the other chemicals were of analytical grade.
composed of brown rice (20.4%), red pepper powder (3%), and red
pepper seasoning (red pepper powder [8.3%], sea salt, garlic, and onion)
with soybeans, alcohol, yeast powder, starch syrup, brown glutinous rice flour,
sea salt, and isomaltooligosaccharide. Folin-Ciocalteu phenol reagent was
purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). All solvents and chemicals
used for PAH analysis were high-performance liquid chromatography grade. PAH
standards (naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene,
anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene,
benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene,
indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, and benzo[g,h,i]perylene) and
internal standard (ISTD) solution mix (naphthalene-d8,
acenaphthene-d10, phenanthrene-d10,
chrysene-d12, and perylene-d12) were purchased from
Sigma-Aldrich. All the other chemicals were of analytical grade.
5
PAH Detection in Environmental Samples
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Analytical grade (99.9% pure) acetone and hexane are purchased from Merck Millipore (Massachusetts, USA). 18 PAH standard mixture solution (Acenaphthene (AcP), Acenaphthylene (AcPy), Anthracene (Ant), Benzo[a]Anthracene (BaA), Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), Benzo[e]pyrene (BeP), Benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbFL), Benzo[g,h,i]perylene (BghiP), Benzo[j]fluoranthene (BjFL), Benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkFL), Chrysene (Chr), Dibenzo[a,h]Anthracene (DBA), Fluoranthene (FL), Fluorene (Flu), Indeno [1,2,3-cd]pyrene (InP), Naphthalene (NaP), Phenanthrene (Phe) and Pyrene (Pyr)) are obtained from Sigma–Aldrich (Missouri, USA). Powdered Benzo[e]pyrene-d12 (BeP-d12) perdeuterated internal standard is purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (Missouri, USA). 16 PAH internal standard mixture solution (1000 μg/mL in toluene) (AcP-d10, Acpy-d8, Ant-d10, BaA-d12, Bap-d12, BbFL-d12, BghiP-d12, BkFL-d12, Chr-d12, DBA-d14, Flu-d10, FL-d10, InP-d12, NaP-d8, Phe-d10, Pyr-d10) are from Chiron (Trondheim, Norway). Disposable Nylone filters (0.22 μm) are provided by Merck Millipore (Massachusetts, USA).
6
Spiked Soil FOREhST Protocol
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The low energy FOREhST was repeated for five soils and spiked with benzo(a)anthracene (99%, Sigma-Aldrich) or fluoranthene (99%, Sigma-Aldrich) dissolved in 100 µL of acetonitrile.
The spiking consisted of five concentrations for each benzo(a)anthracene and fluoranthene. Soils were also spiked with 100 µL of clean acetonitrile as a solvent control. Spiking solution was added directly to the FOREhST media, in the mixture containing soil, water, food, saliva and silicone rod.
The spiking consisted of five concentrations for each benzo(a)anthracene and fluoranthene. Soils were also spiked with 100 µL of clean acetonitrile as a solvent control. Spiking solution was added directly to the FOREhST media, in the mixture containing soil, water, food, saliva and silicone rod.
7
Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
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A PAH standard mixture containing the following 16 PAHs was purchased from Supelco (Bellefonte, PA, USA): naphthalene (Nap); acenaphthylene (Acy); acenaphthene (Ace); fluorene (Flu); phenanthrene (Phe); anthracene (Ant); fluoranthene (Flut); pyrene (Pyr); benzo[a]anthracene (BaA); chrysene (Chr); benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF); benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF); benzo[a]pyrene (BaP); benzo[g,h,i]perylene (BP); dibenzo[a,h]anthracene (DA); and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (IP). The following five deuterium isotopes of PAHs were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan): D8-Nap; D10-Ace; D10-Phe; D10-Pyr; and D12-BaP. All organic solvents were of pesticide residue and polychlorinated biphenyl test grade. Other chemicals and ultrapure water were of analytical grade.
8
Quantifying PAHs in Environmental Samples
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The PAH4 standards benzo[a]pyrene (BaP, CAS No. 50-32-8), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF, CAS No. 205-99-2), chrysene (CHR, CAS No. 218-01-9), and benzo[a]anthracene (BaA, CAS No. 56-55-3) and internal standards (IS) 3-methylcholanthrene (CAS No. 56-49-5), chrysene-d12 (CAS No. 1719-03-5), and benzo[a]pyrene-d12 (CAS No. 63466-71-7) were obtained from Supelco, Inc. (Bellefonte, PA, USA). All materials and chemicals were of GC and HPLC analytical grade. Acetonitrile (ACN) (CAS No. 75-05-8), dichloromethane (DCM) (CAS No. 75-09-2), methanol (CAS No. 67-56-1), and hexane (CAS No. 110-54-3) were obtained from Burdick & Jackson (Muskegon, MI, USA). Sodium sulfate anhydrous (Na2SO4) (CAS No. 7757-82-6) 99% w/w purity; (Samchun Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea) was used for dehydration. Distilled water (CAS No. 7732-18-5) and N,N-dimethylformamide (CAS No. 68-12-2) were prepared using a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). Kovax syringes (3 mL) were obtained from Korea Vaccine Co., Ltd. (Gyeonggi-do, Korea). Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane filters (0.45 mm) were purchased from Advantec Co., Ltd. (Chiyoda City, Japan). Sep-Pak Florisil cartridges (Waters Corp., Milford, MA, USA) were utilized for solid-phase extraction (SPE).
9
Optimized PAH Extraction Using MWCNT-MNP
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Standards PAH mix, including 16 mentioned PAHs (benzo(a)pyrene [BaP], acenaphthylene [Ace], naphthalene [NA], fluorene [F], acenaphthene [Ac], phenanthrene [Pa], fluoranthene [Fl], anthracene [A], benzo(a)anthracene [BaA], pyrene [P], benzo(b)fluoranthene [BbF], chrysene [Ch], benzo(k)fluoranthene [BkF], dibenzo[a,h]anthracene [DhA], indeno[1,2,3‐cd]pyrene [IP] and benzo[g,h,i]perylene [BgP]) was purchased from Supelco (Bellefonte, PA, U. S.). The standard solutions were prepared in dichloromethane, with all mentioned PAHs concentration of 0.1 mg/ml. Stock standard solutions were mixed with methanol‐dichloromethane (50:50, v/v) every week for the preparation of a working mixed solution (1 µg/ml for each mentioned PAHs) which was used to measure the extraction performance under various conditions. The working and stock solutions were preserved at 4°C and biphenyl was used as an internal standard at a concentration of 0.05 µg/ml in methanol. Multi‐walled carbon nanotubes were purchased from Hanwha Nanotech (MWCNT CM‐95, Korea) and the adsorbent of MWCNT‐MNP was prepared as described previously (Rastkari & Ahmadkhaniha, 2013 ). All other chemicals and solvents were of analytical grade.
10
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Analysis
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All chemicals and solvents used in the current study were suitable for
high-performance liquid chromatography and were of analytical grade. The
standards for 16 PAHs (naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthylene, fluorene,
phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene,
benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene,
benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene,
benzo[a]pyrene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene,
dibenzo[a,h]anthracene and
benzo[ghi]perylene) were purchased from Supelco (Oakville, ON,
Canada).
high-performance liquid chromatography and were of analytical grade. The
standards for 16 PAHs (naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthylene, fluorene,
phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene,
benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene,
benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene,
benzo[a]pyrene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene,
dibenzo[a,h]anthracene and
benzo[ghi]perylene) were purchased from Supelco (Oakville, ON,
Canada).
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