Dextrin

Tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), sodium periodate, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (APTES), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), dextrin (from maize starch) and ethylene glycol (EG) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Cystamine dihydrochloride (cystamine·2HCl, >98%) was purchased from Macklin Reagent Company. 2,5-Diphenyl-3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl) tetrazolium bromide (MTT) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Doxorubicin hydrochlorides (DOX) were purchased from Sangon Biotech (Shanghai, China). All other chemicals were commercially available and used without further purification.

Silver nitrate, ferric chloride hexahydrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, dextrin, nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hydroxide, and ammonium hydroxide were all purchased from Sinopharm chemical reagent Co., Ltd. (China). Hydrazine hydrate and methyl 3-mercaptopropionate (MMP) were from J&K Scientific Ltd. (China). DAPI (C1002), 1×PBS (C0221), MTT cell proliferation and cytotoxicity assay kit (C0009), and 0.25% trypsin-EDTA solution, BCECF-AM (2′,7′-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein acetoxymethyl ester) and were from Beyotime^® Biotechnology (China). Sulfo-cyanine 5 NHS ester (Cy5-NHS) was obtained from Little-PA Sciences Co., Ltd. (China). TAT–SH (CGGGYGRKKRRQRRR), which composed of the protein transduction domain of TAT_47–58, a triple G spacer, and an N-terminal cysteine for binding with nanoparticles, was obtained from Shanghai Leon Chemical Ltd. (China).