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Chloramine t trihydrate

Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany

Chloramine T trihydrate is a chemical compound used as a laboratory reagent. It serves as an oxidizing agent and disinfectant. The core function of Chloramine T trihydrate is to perform chemical reactions and provide disinfection in various laboratory applications.

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11 protocols using chloramine t trihydrate

1

Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Collagen Cross-links

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Sodium hydroxide, sodium borohydride 98%, chloramine T trihydrate, and 4-(dimethylamino) benzaldehyde were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Mass spectrometry grade water, acetonitrile (MeCN), formic acid, methanol, acetic acid glacial, hydrochloric acid S.G 1.18 (~37%), and Sodium hydroxide were sourced from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA). Perchloric acid 70% and propan-1-ol were purchased from BDH Chemicals Limited (Poole, England). Deionized water was obtained from a Milli-Q Ultra-pure water system (Dubuque, IA, USA). Dihydroxylysinonorleucine standard (DHLNL) was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Pyridinoline (PYD) (95%) and deoxypyridinoline (DPD) (98%) standards were purchased from BOC Science (New York, NY, USA). Hydroxylysinonorleucine (HLNL), histidinohydroxylysinonorleucine (HHL), histidinohydroxymerodesmosine (HHMD) standards, were isolated and purified in the Protein Structure and Function Laboratory, Massey University’s School of Natural Sciences [16 (link)].
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2

Synthesis of Organic Compounds

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Chloramine T trihydrate, trans-4-Hydroxy-L-proline, 4-(dimethylamino) benzaldehyde and other standard chemicals were purchased from Sigma (Taufkirchen, Germany).
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3

Radiolabeling of Protein F1 with I-131

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First, 10 mg chloramine-T trihydrate (Sigma, USA) was mixed with 10 ml of distilled water and stored at room temperature in the dark. Then, 40 μg of F1 was transferred to a 1-ml sterile EP tube; next, we added 100 μl of Na–131I solution (1 mCi) and 100 μl of freshly prepared chloramine-T solution. We used a vortex mixer (Scientific Industries, USA, Vortex-Genie 2 T) to vibrate and mix the contents for 10 min at room temperature. Next, we used paper chromatography to evaluate the labeling rate of 131I-F1 [28 (link)], and its radioactivity was measured by a γ counter. Paper chromatography was also applicable to 131I. The γ counting curve of them were drawn using GraphPad Prism 5.0 and the labeling rate was obtained by calculating the area under the curve. Rf= distance from the131I or131I-F1to theorigin/distance from the saline front to the origin Labeling rate%=radioactivity peak area integral of131I-F1/total radioactivity peak area integral.
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4

Detailed Chemical Reagent Protocol

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Sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, formic acid, perchloric acid, sodium nitrate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium chloride, sodium sulfate anhydrous, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, chloramine T trihydrate, trichloroacetic acid, 2-thiobarbituric acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), propylgallate, 4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde, petroleum ether (b.p. 40–60 °C), methanol, ethanol, hexane, acetonitrile, 2-propanol, chloroform, sodium methoxide solution, amino acid standard, L-tryptophan, hydroxyproline, L-2-aminobutyric acid, and 1,1,3,3-tetraehoxypropane were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO, USA).
Supelco 37 comp. FAME mix, linoleic acid methyl ester isomer mix were purchased from Supelco (Supelco Analytical, Bellefonte, PA, USA), trans FAME mix K110 from Grace (Grace, Deerfield, IL, USA).
AccQ Fluor reagent kit and AccQ Tag eluent A concentrate was purchased from Waters (Waters Corp., Miliford, MA, USA). Boric acid was purchased from AFT (Bratislava, Slovakia), Kjeltabs from Velf Scientifica (Velf Scientifica srl, Usmate, Italy).
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5

Hydroxyproline Quantification Protocol

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In adaption to an essay from Reddy and Enwemeka [15 (link)] specimens were hydrolyzed in 2 mL reaction vessels with 6 M HCl (Carl Roth GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany) for 20 h at 95 °C (Heating Block ThermoStat plus, Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany). Due to the assay’s sensitivity regarding pH value, hydrolyzed samples were dried and dissolved again in DI water. Assay standard solutions in a range between 20 and 160 µg/mL were prepared dissolving L-hydroxy-proline (Sigma-Aldrich, Schnelldorf, Germany) in DI-water. For assay execution, 35 µL of each specimen and standard solution were transferred into a 96-well plate. 75 µL of chloramine-T reagent were added, which consisted of 1.27 g chloramine-T trihydrate (Sigma-Aldrich, Schnelldorf, Germany) in 20 mL n-propanol (Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany), stocked up to 100 mL with acetate-citrate buffer per 100 mL solution. 75 µL of Ehrlich’s reagent (1.5 g 4-(dimethylamino)-benzaldehyde (Sigma-Aldrich, Schnelldorf, Germany) in 6.6 mL of n-propanol and 3.3 mL 70% perchloric acid (both Carl Roth GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany) were added. Wells were sealed with Microseal® ‘B’ PCR Plate Sealing Film (Bio-Rad, Watford, United Kingdom) followed by an incubation at 60 °C for 60 min. Coloration intensity measurement was performed by a photometer Infinite M200 PRO (Tecan, Crailsheim, Germany) at 570 nm.
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6

Dentin Surface Preparation for Bonding

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The study was conducted after taking ethical approval from Institutional Ethical and Review Board (IERB) with reference No. KDCRC/IERB/ENDO/2014/16. One hundred and twenty freshly extracted non-carious, human molars were used in this study. The teeth were examined under stereomicroscope (SZX10, Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) and teeth free of caries, cracks, or any developmental defects were included. Teeth were cleaned and stored in 0.5% chloramine T trihydrate (Sigma Aldrich, Bangalore, KA, India) for no more than 3 months. Tooth crowns were flattened occlusally using a low-speed diamond saw (Isomet, Buehler Ltd., Lake Bluff, IL, USA) under water irrigation to expose superficial dentin. A standardized smear layer was created with 600 grit silicon-carbide (SiC) paper. The samples were embedded in an autopolymerizing resin at the level of cementoenamel junction with long axis perpendicular to the acrylic resin surface.
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7

Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis Reagents

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Solvents, dimethylformamide (DMF), dichloromethane (DCM), methanol (MeOH), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethyl acetate, ether, and acetonitrile (ACN) were purchased from VWR, Fisher Scientific, or Sigma-Aldrich and were reagent grade or better. Piperidine, diisopropyl ethylamine (DIPEA), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), triisopropylsilane (TIS), ethylenebis(diphenylphosphine) (DPPE), lithium hydroxide, bis(benzonitrile)palladium(II) chloride, copper(I) bromide, Chloramine T trihydrate, lithium diisopropyl amide (LDA), propargyl chloride, and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), tris[(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl]amine (TBTA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Sodium sulfate was purchased from Macron Chemicals. Fmoc-11-aminoundecanoic acid (Fmoc-AUA), 1-[bis(dimethylamino)methylene]-1H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]-pyridinium 3-oxide hexafluorophosphate (HATU), 2-chlorotrityl resin, and Fmoc-L-Asp(OtBu)-OH) were purchased from AKSci. N-2-N-6-Bis(9-fluorenyl-methyloxycarbonyl)-L-lysine (Fmoc-Lys(Fmoc)-OH) was purchased from Aapptec, and 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid (Fmoc-miniPEG) was purchased from BioBlocks. Sephadex LH20 beads were purchased from Amersham Pharmacia Biotech AM. Fmoc–Azidohomoalanine (Fmoc-Dab(N3)-OH), 3-acetoxylindole, and Bromostatin were purchased from Chem-Impex International.
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8

Comprehensive Analysis of Tissue Inflammation

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Albumin, anti-vWF antibody, 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU), chloramine Ttrihydrate, corn oil, Ehrlich’s reagent, Evans blue dye, formamide, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Hexadecyl trimethylammonium bromide, hydroxyproline, O-dianisidine dihydrochloride, trichrome kit, and trichloroacetic acid were purchase from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO). LPS from E. coli 055: B5 was obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Dallas, TX). RNeasy Mini kit, and DNase I were purchased from Qiagen USA (Germantown, MD). In Situ Cell Death Detection Kit, and SYBR Green master mix were obtained from Roche Diagnostics (Indianapolis, IN). Anti-BrdU antibody was purchased from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA). DAPI, Alexa FITC-conjugated or Texas Red-conjugated secondary antibodies, and Trizol reagent were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA).
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9

Synthesis of Organic Compounds

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Chloramine T trihydrate, trans-4-Hydroxy-L-proline, 4-(dimethylamino) benzaldehyde and tamoxifen and other standard chemicals were purchased from Sigma (Taufkirchen, Germany).
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10

Fluorescent Nucleic Acid Quantification

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Pepsin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), Hoechse33258 (Sigma-Aldrich, MA, USA), Papain (Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA), HCl (SHOWA, Gyoda, Japan), NaOH (SHOWA, Japan), Triton X-100 (Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA), Aprotinin (Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA), RNase A (Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA), Chloramine T trihydrate (Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA), DNase I (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), Citric acid (JTbaker, Radnor, PA, USA), Sodium acetate trihydrate (JTbaker, PA, USA), and Quant-iTTM PicoGreen dsDNA Reagent and Kits (Invitrogen, Waltham, MA, USA) were used.
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