All chemicals and regents used for this study were analytical grade and used without further purification. 1,10-phenanthroline monohydrate (BDH chemical Ltd., Poole, England), copper (II) acetate monohydrate [Cu(CO2CH3)2·H2O], triethylamine, NaHCO3, NaOH, and Mueller-Hinton agar were purchased from Loba Chemie PVT Ltd., Addis Ababa. Metformin hydrogen chloride (Met.HCl) and ciprofloxacin hydrogen chloride (Cip.HCl) were obtained from Cadila Pharmaceuticals PLC, Ethiopia. Methanol, ethanol, HCl, DMSO, ethyl acetate and dichloromethane (DCM) were purchased from Alpha Chemika, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Thin Layer Chromatography (MERCK Silica gel 60 F254) together with UV Cabinet (UV-Vis lamp at 254 and 365 nm) were used to monitor the progress of the chemical reactions. The melting points of the complexes were determined using capillary tubes (Thiele tube). UV-Vis spectrophotometer (SM-1600 Spectrophotometer), FTIR (Perkin-Elmer BX spectrometer, Shimadzu Corporation, Japan), TGA/DTC (DTG-60H SHIMADZU thermal analyzer) and High resolution mass spectra (Waters-LCT-Premier mass spectrometer) were used to characterize the synthesized metal complexes.
Triethylamine
Manufactured by Loba Chemie
Sourced in India
Triethylamine is a colorless, volatile organic compound commonly used as a solvent and reagent in various chemical processes. It has a distinctive amine-like odor. Triethylamine serves as a base, facilitating acid-base reactions and often employed in the synthesis of other organic compounds.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Methanol, by Alpha Chemika (1 mentions)
Ethanol, by Alpha Chemika (1 mentions)
Ethyl acetate, by Alpha Chemika (1 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Loba Chemie (1 mentions)
Mueller hinton agar (mha), by Loba Chemie (1 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Alpha Chemika (1 mentions)
Merck silica gel 60 f254, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Waters lct premier mass spectrometer, by Waters Corporation (1 mentions)
Glutaraldehyde, by Loba Chemie (1 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Methanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Acetone, by Scharlab (1 mentions)
Dichloromethane, by Loba Chemie (1 mentions)
Ethylene glycol, by Loba Chemie (1 mentions)
Ethylenediamine, by Loba Chemie (1 mentions)
Dmso d6, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ethanolamine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Orthophosphoric acid, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Membrane filters 0.45 μm, by Teknokroma (1 mentions)
6 protocols using triethylamine
1
Synthesis and Characterization of Metal Complexes
2
Carvedilol Analytical Method Development
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Carvedilol was kindly supplied from Global Napi Pharmaceuticals, 6th of October, Egypt. BSA was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. Acetone was purchased from Scharlau, Barcelona, Spain. Triethyl amine and glutaraldehyde (25%) were purchased from Loba Chemie, Mumbai, India. Disodium hydrogen orthophosphate and potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate were purchased from El-Nasr Pharmaceutical Chemicals, Cairo, Egypt. Acetonitrile and methanol (HPLC grade) were purchased from Fisher Scientific, Loughborough, UK. The other chemicals were of analytical grade.
3
Synthesis and Characterization of Compounds 1-8
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All
chemicals were used
without purification. Ethylenediamine (99%), ethylene glycol (99%),
Mukaiyama reagent (CMPI, 97%), triethylamine (99.5%), and dichloromethane
(99.9%) were purchased from Loba Chemie, TEDIA, Aldrich, Fisher, and
AZ chem, respectively. Ethanolamine (98%) and DMSO-d6 (99.5 atom % D) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich, ethane-1,2-dithiol
(98%) was obtained from Fluka, carbon disulfide (CS2, 99%)
was bought from Panreac Quimica, CO2 and N2 (industrial
grade) were purchased from Advanced Technical Gases Co. (Amman, Jordan).
Unless otherwise stated, all isolated reaction products (intermediates)
during the synthesis of1–8 were identified by 1H/13C NMR and ex situ ATR-FTIR
spectroscopic measurements to verify the presumed structures.
chemicals were used
without purification. Ethylenediamine (99%), ethylene glycol (99%),
Mukaiyama reagent (CMPI, 97%), triethylamine (99.5%), and dichloromethane
(99.9%) were purchased from Loba Chemie, TEDIA, Aldrich, Fisher, and
AZ chem, respectively. Ethanolamine (98%) and DMSO-d6 (99.5 atom % D) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich, ethane-1,2-dithiol
(98%) was obtained from Fluka, carbon disulfide (CS2, 99%)
was bought from Panreac Quimica, CO2 and N2 (industrial
grade) were purchased from Advanced Technical Gases Co. (Amman, Jordan).
Unless otherwise stated, all isolated reaction products (intermediates)
during the synthesis of
spectroscopic measurements to verify the presumed structures.
4
Pharmaceutical Formulation Analysis
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Pharmaceutical grade SLB, lactose monohydrate, and ventolin tablets, nominally containing SLB equivalent to 2 mg of SLB and 139.8 mg of lactose monohydrate per tablet, were supplied by GlaxoSmithKline Company (Cairo, Egypt). Pharmaceutical grade TRB and Aironyl tablets, nominally containing 2.5 mg of TRB and 97.1 mg of lactose monohydrate per tablet, were supplied by SEDICO Pharmaceutical Company (6 October City, Egypt). Acetonitrile (HiPerSolv) was purchased from Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK). Orthophosphoric acid (85%) was obtained from VWR Chemicals (Pool, England). Bi-distilled water was produced in-house (Aquatron Water Still, A4000D, UK). Membrane filters (0.45 μm) from Teknokroma (Barcelona, Spain) were used. N,N-Dimethylacetamide and triethylamine were purchased from Loba Chemie Pvt. Ltd. (Bombay, India). All other chemicals and reagents used were of analytical grade unless indicated otherwise.
5
Quantitative Determination of CAR
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CAR was obtained as a gift sample from Zydus Cadila Healthcare Ltd, Kundaim, Goa, India. Mannitol and sorbitol were purchased from Universal Laboratories Private Ltd, Mumbai, India. Methanol, acetonitrile (ACN), Triethylamine (TEA) and ortho-phosphoric acid (OPA) were obtained from Loba Chemie Pvt Ltd (Mumbai, India). 0.22 μ membrane filters were obtained from Chemixol agencies, Mangaluru. All the chemicals and solvents utilized were of analytical grade.
6
Synthesis and Functionalization of Multifunctional Nanoparticles
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3-Aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES, 99%), 2,2′-bipyridyl (bipy, ≥99%), 2-bromo-2-methylpropionyl bromide (BIBB, 98%), dichloromethane (DCM, HPLC grade), ethanol (EtOH, ≥99.8%), ethylenediamine (1,2-diaminoethane, DAE, ≥99%), methanol (MeOH, ≥99.8%), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, ≥98%), glycidyl methacrylate (GMA, 97%), 2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (DPA, 97%), and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS, 98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Cupric bromide (CuBr2, 98%), cuprous chloride (CuCl, 96%), and potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (KH2PO4, 99%) were provided by BDH chemicals. Ascorbic acid (98%), and l (+)-ornithine monohydrochloride (Orn, 99%) were obtained from Riedel-de Haën. Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) was supplied by Avonchem Ltd. Triethylamine (TEA, 99%) was purchased from Loba Chemie. Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) was provided by Tokyo Chemical Industry (TCI). Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was obtained from Central Drug House (CDH). In all experiments, distilled water was used from Gesellschaft für Labortechnik mbH, Model 2002 – single distillation water stills.
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