Sta449f3 analyzer

All chemicals were commercially available and used as received without further purification. Elemental analyses (CHN) were performed using a Vario EL elemental analyzer. FT-IR spectra were recorded from KBr pellets over the range of 4000–400 cm⁻¹ on a Nicolet Avatar 360 FT-IR spectrometer. Thermogravimetric curves were measured using a Netzsch STA449 F3 analyzer at a heating rate of 10 °C min⁻¹ from room temperature to 900 °C in air. Fluorescence measurements were carried out with a SHIMADZU RT5301PC spectrofluorophotometer. The lifetimes of the excited states were measured with an Edinburgh Instruments FLS920 fluorescence spectrophotometer. X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) intensities were measured at 293 K using a D8 Advance (Bruker) diffractometer (Cu-Kα; λ = 1.54056 Å). The simulated PXRD patterns were calculated from the single crystal diffraction data using PowderCell.

Liquid phase exfoliated graphene nano platelets (GNPs) with around 10 layers were supplied by Nanjing XFNANO Materials Tech Co., Ltd. (China). Poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) (SMA-1000) with an approximately 1 : 1 mole ratio was obtained from Cray Valley (France), and its physical and chemical properties are listed in Table 1. Sulfuric acid (95–98%), nitric acid (65%), and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.
The synthesized samples were prepared separately for analysis and testing by various methods. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR, Nicolet iS10, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) spectroscopy was used to measure the functional groups of the modified GNPs and tested in the range of 500 to 4000 cm⁻¹. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out using an STA449F3 analyzer (Netzsch, Germany) from room temperature to 800 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C min⁻¹ under the nitrogen atmosphere. The microstructure of GNPs was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM, SU8010, HITACHI, Japan). The absorbance of the dispersion was characterized using a DR6000 ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometer (Hach, USA) with a selected wavelength of 270 nm.

All reagents and solvents employed were commercially available and used without further purification. The C, H and N microanalyses were carried out with a PE 2400 Series II elemental analyzer. The IR spectra were recorded with a Shimadzu IR Affinity-1 spectrometer using the KBr pellet technique. Thermogravimetric analysis was performed on a NETZSCH STA 449F3 analyzer. The powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) measurement was carried out using a Shimadzu XRD-7000 diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.5418 Å). Photoluminescence spectra were obtained on a Hitachi F-4500 fluorescence spectrophotometer at room temperature.

Powder X-ray diffraction patterns of the samples were obtained with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.54178 Å) at a scan rate of 4° min⁻¹. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was conducted on a Nicolet 6700 FT-IR spectrophotometer. Single-component vapor-phase adsorption experiments were performed using a Micromeritics ASAP 2460 equipped with a vapor dosing tube. ¹H NMR spectra were recorded using a Bruker Advance 400 NMR spectrometer. The N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherm was obtained on 3H-2000PS1/2A series automatic surface and aperture analyzers (BeiShiDe Instruments). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out using a NETZSCH STA 449F3 analyzer in a N₂ atmosphere with a flow rate of 10 mL min⁻¹. The samples were heated at a rate of 10 K min⁻¹. MicroED data were collected by transmission electron microscopy (JEM-2100 Plus) and operated at 200 kV with a MerlinEM fast pixelated detector (512 × 512 pixels, pixel size 55 μm). A 3D reciprocal lattice was constructed from the ED frames using XDS, from which the unit cell parameters can be obtained with the indexed reflection and extracted intensities. The adsorption kinetic experiments were conducted on a dynamic vapor sorption analyzer (BSD-DVS).

The crystalline structures of the as-prepared composites are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD, Rigaku MiniFlex II) using CuK_α radiation (λ = 0.15405 nm). The surface morphologies of the NiCoMnO₄ and NiCoMnO₄@graphene are determined by a field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM; HITACHI, SU-8010) equipped with an energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The microstructure of NiCoMnO₄ is further examined by on a Tecnai G2 F20 S-Twin high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The chemical state and composition are analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (Thermo Scientific ESCALAB 250Xi). Nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms are measured at 77 K on a Micromeritics Tristar 3020 analyzer. The specific surface areas are calculated according to the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method and the pore size distribution is determined based on Barrett Joyner and Halenda model. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of NiCoMnO₄@graphene are conducted on a Netzsch STA449F3 analyzer at a heating rate of 5 °C min⁻¹ under an air flow.