of volatile compounds was performed by dynamic headspace ″purge
and trap″. Volatiles from the process waters (4 g) were purged
(37 °C) with nitrogen (260 mL/min) for 30 min and trapped on
Tenax tubes. Trapped volatiles were desorbed and separated on GC (Agilent
Technologies 6890N, CA, USA) with a DB1701 column (30 m; i.d. 0.25
mm; 1 μm film thickness; Agilent Technologies). The oven program
had an initial temperature of 45 °C for 5 min, and the temperature
was increased gradually by 1.5 °C/min until 55 °C, then
by 2 °C/min until 90 °C, and finally by 8 °C/min until
230 °C, where the temperature was held for 8 min. The individual
volatiles were analyzed by MS (Agilent 5973 Network Mass Selective
Detector, Agilent Technologies; electron ionization mode, 70 eV; m/z scan between 30 and 250) and identified by MS-library,
and quantification was performed through calibration curves of external
standards.